Öz
Türkiye’de nüfusun
artması, buna bağlı olarak hayvansal kaynaklı proteine ihtiyacın artış
göstermesi, tarımsal arazilerin yok olması, ürün veriminde sürekli artış elde
edilmek istenmesi gibi nedenlerle entansif işletmeler yaygınlık kazanmıştır.
Birim alanda daha fazla üretim yapılan yoğun işletmecilik sistemlerinin bir
sonucu olarak olumsuz çevresel etkileri artmakta ve gaz emisyonlarıyla küresel
ısınmaya katkı sağlamaktadır. Küresel ısınmaya sebep olan sera gazlarının
başında metan (CH4), karbondioksit (CO2) ve diazot oksit
(N2O) gelmektedir. Bir işletmenin küresel ısınmaya katkısının en
önemli göstergelerinden birisi karbon ayak izidir. İşletmenin karbon ayak izi
hesaplanmasıyla o işletmenin küresel ısınmaya olan katkısı da belirlenmiş
olacaktır. Karbon ayak izinin hesaplanmasında kullanılan en yaygın yöntem
Hükümetlerarası İklim Değişikliği Paneli (IPCC) tarafından geliştirilen Tier
yaklaşımlarıdır. Tier yaklaşımı 1, 2 ve 3 olmak üzere üç çeşittir. Bu çalışmada;
Bursa bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren üç farklı broyler kümesinin karbon ayak izi
belirlenmesi amacıyla Tier 1 yöntemi kullanılarak küresel ısınmaya etkisinin
ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, incelenen broyler kümeslerinde üretilen 1 kg tavuk
eti başına karbon ayak izi broyler kümesi 1, 2 ve 3 için sırasıyla 2.2, 3.4 ve
3 kg CO2 eşdeğerliği olarak bulunmuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Bengtsson J and Seddon J., 2013. Cradle to retailer or quick service restaurant gate life cycle assessment of chicken products in Australia. Journal of Cleaner Production, 41: 291-300.
- Burns RT., Li H., Xin H., Gates RS., Overhults DG., Earnest J and Moody L., 2008. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions from Broiler Houses in the Southeastern United States. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting, June 29-July 2, USA.
- Cederberg C., Sonesson U., Henriksson M., Sund V and Davis J., 2009. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Swedish Production of Meat, Milk and Eggs 1990 and 2005. SIK Report No 794, SIK-the Swedish Institute for Food and Biotechnology, Gothenburg.
- Cesari V., Zucali M., Sandrucci A., Tamburuni A., Bava L and Toschi I., 2017. Environmental impact assessment of an Italian vertically integrated broiler system through a Life Cycle approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 143: 904-911.
- Çınar E., 2007. İneklerin ekolojik ayak izi raporu. Animal Science Journal, 2013(Rum 38): 210-218.
- Da Silva VP., Van der Werf HMG., Soares SR and Corson MS., 2014. Environmental impacts of French and Brazilian broiler chicken production scenarios: an LCA approach. Journal of Environmental Management, 133: 222-231.
- Dokuzlu S., Barış O., Hecer C ve Güldaş M., 2013. Türkiye’de tavuk eti tüketim alışkanlıkları ve marka tercihleri. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(2):83-92.
- Dunkley CS., Fairchild BD., Ritz CW., Kiepper BH and Lacy MP., 2015. Carbon footprint of poultry production farms in South Georgia: A case study. Poultry Science Association, 24: 73-79.
- EİA 1994. Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors for Coal. Energy Information Administration.
- González-García S., Gomez-Fernández Z., Dias AC., Feijoo G., Moreira MT and Arroja L., 2014. Life cycle assessment of broiler chicken production: A Portuguese case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 74: 125-134.
- Gerber PJ., Steinfeld H., Henderson B., Mottet A., Opio C., Dijkman J., Falcucci A and Tempio G., 2013. Tackling Climate Change through Livestock - A Global Assessment of Emissions and Mitigation Opportunities.
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome.
- Hinz T and Linke S., 1998. A comprehensive experimental study of aerial pollutants in and emissions from livestock buildings Part 2: Methods. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 70: 111-118.
- IPCC 2006. Guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories - Volume 1 Introduction to the 2006 guidelines (Chapter 1).
- Jacobsen R., Vandermeulen V., Vanhuylenbroeck G and Gellynck X., 2014. A life cycle assessment application: the carbon footprint of beef in Flanders (Belgium). Assessment of Carbon Footprint in Different Industrial Sectors, Springer Science+Business Media, 24(1): 73-79.
- Kılıç İ ve Amet B., 2017. Bir süt sığırı işletmesinin karbon ayak izinin tahminlenmesi: Bursa örneği. Gaiosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 34(Ek Sayı): 134-142.
- Leinonen I., Williams AG and Kyriazakis I., 2014. The effects of welfare-enhancing system changes on the environmental impacts of broiler and egg production. Poultry Science, 93: 256-266.
- United Nations 1998. Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Öz
Increasing the population in
Turkey, accordingly, the increase in the need for animal-derived protein,
destruction of agricultural lands, demand continous input of product yield for
reasons such as intensive operation have gained widespread. As a consequence of
intensive management system where more production is made in the unit area,
negative enviromental impacts are increasing and contribute to global warming
with gas emissions. Methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2)
and diazot oxide (N2O) are the main greenhouse gases that cause
global warming. Carbon footprint is the measure of the damage caused by human
activities to the environment in terms of the amount of greenhouse gases that
are measured in units of carbon dioxide. The most common method used in
calculating carbon footprint are Tier 1-2-3 approaches developed by the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The aim of this study is to
determine the effect of three different broiler farms in Bursa region on global
warming by using Tier 1 method to determine the carbon footprint. At the end
of the study, carbon footprint per kg of produced hen meat in monitored broiler
houses 1,2 and 3 were calculated as 2.2, 3.4 ve 3 kg CO2 equivalent,
respectively.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Bengtsson J and Seddon J., 2013. Cradle to retailer or quick service restaurant gate life cycle assessment of chicken products in Australia. Journal of Cleaner Production, 41: 291-300.
- Burns RT., Li H., Xin H., Gates RS., Overhults DG., Earnest J and Moody L., 2008. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions from Broiler Houses in the Southeastern United States. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting, June 29-July 2, USA.
- Cederberg C., Sonesson U., Henriksson M., Sund V and Davis J., 2009. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Swedish Production of Meat, Milk and Eggs 1990 and 2005. SIK Report No 794, SIK-the Swedish Institute for Food and Biotechnology, Gothenburg.
- Cesari V., Zucali M., Sandrucci A., Tamburuni A., Bava L and Toschi I., 2017. Environmental impact assessment of an Italian vertically integrated broiler system through a Life Cycle approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 143: 904-911.
- Çınar E., 2007. İneklerin ekolojik ayak izi raporu. Animal Science Journal, 2013(Rum 38): 210-218.
- Da Silva VP., Van der Werf HMG., Soares SR and Corson MS., 2014. Environmental impacts of French and Brazilian broiler chicken production scenarios: an LCA approach. Journal of Environmental Management, 133: 222-231.
- Dokuzlu S., Barış O., Hecer C ve Güldaş M., 2013. Türkiye’de tavuk eti tüketim alışkanlıkları ve marka tercihleri. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(2):83-92.
- Dunkley CS., Fairchild BD., Ritz CW., Kiepper BH and Lacy MP., 2015. Carbon footprint of poultry production farms in South Georgia: A case study. Poultry Science Association, 24: 73-79.
- EİA 1994. Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors for Coal. Energy Information Administration.
- González-García S., Gomez-Fernández Z., Dias AC., Feijoo G., Moreira MT and Arroja L., 2014. Life cycle assessment of broiler chicken production: A Portuguese case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 74: 125-134.
- Gerber PJ., Steinfeld H., Henderson B., Mottet A., Opio C., Dijkman J., Falcucci A and Tempio G., 2013. Tackling Climate Change through Livestock - A Global Assessment of Emissions and Mitigation Opportunities.
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome.
- Hinz T and Linke S., 1998. A comprehensive experimental study of aerial pollutants in and emissions from livestock buildings Part 2: Methods. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 70: 111-118.
- IPCC 2006. Guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories - Volume 1 Introduction to the 2006 guidelines (Chapter 1).
- Jacobsen R., Vandermeulen V., Vanhuylenbroeck G and Gellynck X., 2014. A life cycle assessment application: the carbon footprint of beef in Flanders (Belgium). Assessment of Carbon Footprint in Different Industrial Sectors, Springer Science+Business Media, 24(1): 73-79.
- Kılıç İ ve Amet B., 2017. Bir süt sığırı işletmesinin karbon ayak izinin tahminlenmesi: Bursa örneği. Gaiosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 34(Ek Sayı): 134-142.
- Leinonen I., Williams AG and Kyriazakis I., 2014. The effects of welfare-enhancing system changes on the environmental impacts of broiler and egg production. Poultry Science, 93: 256-266.
- United Nations 1998. Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Tarımsal Yapılar ve Sulama |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Aralık 2018 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 9 Kasım 2018 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 10 Aralık 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2018 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2 |
Cited By
Production of fuel-based carbon footprint distribution map using spatial interpolation methods based on GIS
International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences
https://doi.org/10.26833/ijeg.1330784
Uluslararası Tarım ve Yaban Hayatı Bilimleri Dergisi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Generic License a