REVIEW   

Minerva Dental and Oral Science 2021 August;70(4):161-8

DOI: 10.23736/S2724-6329.21.04493-9

Copyright © 2021 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA

language: English

Oral mucosal lesions and oral symptoms of the SARS-CoV-2 infection

Meircurius D. SURBOYO ^{1, 2} ✉, Diah S. ERNAWATI ¹, Hendrik S. BUDI ^{2, 3}

¹ Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia; ² Research Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia; ³ Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia

INTRODUCTION: SARS-CoV-2 develops well in the oral mucosa because, it is the first contact area with the virus. The oral mucosa is highly expressed with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and makes the virus replicated in the epithelial cells and produce both oral lesions and oral symptoms. This review aimed to describe the oral mucosal symptoms and lesions related to SARS-CoV-2-infected patients that have been reported around the world.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A literature search was performed on PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar, from February to October 5, 2020, focusing on COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) oral lesions and oral symptoms.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Eighteen studies were identified with a total of 25 cases describing the oral symptoms and oral mucosal lesions of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The oral symptoms related to the SARS-CoV-2 infection included dysgeusia, ageusia, a burning mouth sensation, a dry mouth and severe halitosis. The oral mucosal lesions varied from ulceration and depapilation to pseudomembranous, maculae, nodules and plaque. The mucosal lesions related to the skin lesions were in the form of crusty lips, multiple ulcerations and rashes, targeted lesions, blisters and vesiculobullous lesions.
CONCLUSIONS: The manifestations of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the oral cavity are non-specific. The oral mucosal lesions that occur mimic the Herpes zoster virus infection, the Herpes simplex virus infection, Varicella and hand, foot and mouth disease, and the oral mucosal lesions with the skin manifestations (e.g. erythema multiforme).

KEY WORDS: Diagnosis; SARS-CoV-2; Skin; Ulcer