The present study investigated the bond strength and aging resistance performance of five resin-based luting agents to zirconia. A total of 100 large blocks (10.0 mm × 10.0 mm × 2.5 mm) and 100 small blocks (4.0 mm × 4.0 mm × 2.5 mm) of zirconia were airborne-particle abraded and randomly divided into five groups: (RelyX Ultimate [RUl]; Panavia F [PF]; Clearfil SA Luting [SAC]; Multilink Speed [MS]; and RelyX Unicem [RUn]). The small blocks were bonded to the large blocks using the resin-based luting agents. Shear bond strengths (SBS) and failure mode were determined before and after 5,000 thermocycles. After being stored in water for 24 h, the SBS were MS > PF > RUl > SAC > RUn (P < 0.05). After 5,000 thermocycles, the SBS were MS > SAC ≈ RUl > PF ≈ RUn (P < 0.05); the SBS of the PF, MS, and RUn groups were lower than that before 5,000 thermocycles (P < 0.01). Adhesive failure, cohesive failure, or mixed failure occurred in the specimens. In general, Clearfil SA Luting, a self-adhesive resin-based luting agent containing 10-methacryloxy decyl diphosphate, had good initial and durable SBS to zirconia and was a better adhesive.