A strain of Nonomuraea was isolated from Maheshkhali, Cox's Bazar, an unexplored region of Bangladesh. Strain 16-5-14^T is a Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile actinomycete that formed branched substrate and aerial mycelia. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain 16-5-14^T was shown to belong to the genus Nonomuraea, being most closely related to Nonomuraea kuesteri. Chemotaxonomic data supported allocation of the strain as a member of the genus Nonomuraea. The strain 16-5-14^T contained MK-9(H₄) as the major menaquinone, the polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine and major cellular fatty acids were observed as C_{16 : 0} (15.5%), iso-C_{16 : 0} (13.8%) and 10-methyl C_{17 : 0} (9.6%). Results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain 16-5-14^T from closely related species N. kuesteri. Thus 16-5-14^T represents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea. On the basis of evaluation of the morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons and DNA-DNA hybridization, Nonomuraea maheshkhaliensis sp. nov. (type strain, 16-5-14^T=JCM 13929^T=MTCC 8545^T) is proposed.