Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 2023 Volume 59, Issue 1, Pages: 77-90
https://doi.org/10.2298/JMMB220919007M
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Effect of low aluminum additions in the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot forged high-manganese steels
Morales-Cruz E.U. (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo - UAEH, Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Pachuca, México), connorerick@gmail.com
Vargas-Ramírez M. (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo - UAEH, Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Pachuca, México), marissav@uaeh.edu.mx
Lobo-Guerrero A. (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo - UAEH, Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Pachuca, México), azdrubal_guerrero@uaeh.edu.mx
Cruz-Ramírez A. (Instituto Politécnico Nacional - ESIQIE, Departamento de Ingeniería en Metalurgia y Materiales, Ciudad de México, México), alcruzr@ipn.mx
Colin-García E. (Instituto Politécnico Nacional - ESIQIE, Departamento de Ingeniería en Metalurgia y Materiales, Ciudad de México, México), ecoling1400@alumno.ipn.mx
Sánchez-Alvarado R.G. (Instituto Politécnico Nacional - ESIQIE, Departamento de Ingeniería en Metalurgia y Materiales, Ciudad de México, México), risanchez@ipn.mx
Gutiérrez-Pérez V.H. (Instituto Politécnico Nacional - UPIIZ, Departamento de Formación Profesional Específica. Zacatecas, México), vhgutierrez@ipn.mx
Martínez-Vázquez J.M. (Universidad Politécnica de Juventino Rosas - UPJR, Guanajuato, México), jmerced.martinez@gmail.com
In the present work, the effect of low aluminum additions and the hot forging process on the microstructure and non-metallic inclusions of high manganese steels is analyzed. Four high-manganese steels (HMnS) were prepared by adding low aluminum contents of 1.1 and 1.5 wt. % to four carbon austenitic steels with medium carbon content (0.3 - 0.4 wt% C) and manganese contents of 17 and 22 wt. Samples of the as-cast steels were hot forged to 1100°C to obtain an overall reduction of 70 %. Microstructural evolution was studied using microscopy techniques (OM, and SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction measurements for the as-cast and hot forged steels. A typical grain columnar zone formed during solidification of a cast ingot was obtained in the as-cast condition, where the microstructure consisted of nonmetallic inclusions in a fully austenitic matrix. The non-metallic inclusions were identified as Al2O3 and MnS particles. Thermomechanical treatment allows the formation of an austenitic microstructure characterized by twins in steels with high manganese content, while an austenitic-martensitic duplex microstructure was obtained in HMnS, which contained the lowest manganese contents. The highest tensile strength values were obtained for 17Mn-1Al steel, which had the smallest grain size and higher content of non-metallic inclusions. The hardness values were similar to those obtained in the as-cast condition.
Keywords: Steel, hot forging, manganese, Hadfield, microstructure
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