초록

본 연구는 OECD 24개국을 대상으로 노동시장정책이 빈곤 및 고용에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 동일한 정책도 제도환경의 영향에 따라 상이한 결과를 가져온다는 관점에서, 소득보장, 활성화, 워크페어 정책이 고용보호, 노동시장 분절, 사회적 파트너의 조정 제도와 결합하여 빈곤과 고용에 미치는 영향을 퍼지셋 질적 비교분석으로 탐구하였다. 분석 결과, 주요 함의는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 노동시장정책은 주변 제도환경에 따라 성과에 미치는 영향이 달라진다. 노동시장의 분절 정도가 낮고, 사회적 파트너의 조정이 높은 경우 상대적으로 용이하게 빈곤과 고용 양면에서 긍정적 성과를 보였다. 그러나 노동시장 분절이 높고, 조정의 정도가 낮고, 정규직 고용보호가 엄격할 경우 성과를 나타내기 어려운데, 그럼에도 소극적⋅적극적 정책의 결합을 통해 어느 정도 긍정적인 결과를 가져올 수 있다. 둘째, 직관적으로 예상되는 소득보장정책과 빈곤, 활성화정책과 고용뿐 아니라, 반대의 결합도 확인되었다. 즉, 소극적⋅적극적 노동시장정책 지출은 빈곤과 고용 양 측면에서 동시에 긍정적인 성과로 이어질 수 있다. 다만 워크페어 정책은 제도환경의 맥락에 따라 상이한 효과를 갖는다. 따라서 한국과 같이 노동시장 제도환경이 불리한 경우 우선 노동시장정책 차원의 접근이 필요하다.

키워드

노동시장정책, 소득보장, 활성화, 워크페어, 퍼지셋 질적 비교분석

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