Abstract
The major post-translational modification in eukaryotes is protein phosphorylation which mediates responses to signals in a myriad of cellular processes. Not surprisingly, many steps in spermatogenesis involve the concerted action of the protein (de)phosphorylation key players, kinases and phosphatases. Phosphoprotein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit (PPP1C), an evolutionarily conserved Ser/Thr-protein phosphatase, catalyzes the majority of eukaryotic protein dephosphorylation reactions. Three genes, PPP1CA, PPP1CB and PPP1CC, encode four PPP1C isoforms, PPP1CA, PPP1CB, PPP1CC1, and PPP1CC2. After transcription, PPP1CC undergoes tissue-specific splicing, originating a ubiquitously expressed isoform, PPP1CC1 and a testis-enriched and sperm-specific isoform, PPP1CC2 which is essential for completion of spermatogenesis. Highly similar PPP1C isoforms – PPP1CA and PPP1CB – are capable of compensating the loss of Ppp1cc in every tissue except in testis. PPP1C cellular functions depend on the complexes it forms with PPP1C Interacting Proteins (PIPs), which together with the different catalytic subunits, account for PPP1C specificity. This review will focus on the role of the major serine/threonine phosphatase – PPP1C and its holoenzymes in spermatogenesis. Furthermore, current challenges on the protein phosphatases field as targets to male contraception will be addressed.
Keywords: PPP1, PIP, phosphorylation, spermatogenesis.
Current Molecular Pharmacology
Title:Phosphoprotein Phosphatase 1 Complexes in Spermatogenesis
Volume: 7
Author(s): Joana V. Silva, Maria J. Freitas and Margarida Fardilha
Affiliation:
Keywords: PPP1, PIP, phosphorylation, spermatogenesis.
Abstract: The major post-translational modification in eukaryotes is protein phosphorylation which mediates responses to signals in a myriad of cellular processes. Not surprisingly, many steps in spermatogenesis involve the concerted action of the protein (de)phosphorylation key players, kinases and phosphatases. Phosphoprotein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit (PPP1C), an evolutionarily conserved Ser/Thr-protein phosphatase, catalyzes the majority of eukaryotic protein dephosphorylation reactions. Three genes, PPP1CA, PPP1CB and PPP1CC, encode four PPP1C isoforms, PPP1CA, PPP1CB, PPP1CC1, and PPP1CC2. After transcription, PPP1CC undergoes tissue-specific splicing, originating a ubiquitously expressed isoform, PPP1CC1 and a testis-enriched and sperm-specific isoform, PPP1CC2 which is essential for completion of spermatogenesis. Highly similar PPP1C isoforms – PPP1CA and PPP1CB – are capable of compensating the loss of Ppp1cc in every tissue except in testis. PPP1C cellular functions depend on the complexes it forms with PPP1C Interacting Proteins (PIPs), which together with the different catalytic subunits, account for PPP1C specificity. This review will focus on the role of the major serine/threonine phosphatase – PPP1C and its holoenzymes in spermatogenesis. Furthermore, current challenges on the protein phosphatases field as targets to male contraception will be addressed.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Silva V. Joana, Freitas J. Maria and Fardilha Margarida, Phosphoprotein Phosphatase 1 Complexes in Spermatogenesis, Current Molecular Pharmacology 2014; 7 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874467208666150126154222
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874467208666150126154222 |
Print ISSN 1874-4672 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1874-4702 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Novel Virally Targeted Therapies of EBV-Associated Tumors
Current Cancer Drug Targets Hsp70 Structure, Function, Regulation and Influence on Yeast Prions
Protein & Peptide Letters Editorial (Personalized Medicine in the Age of Pharmacoproteomics: A Close up on India and Need for Social Science Engagement for Responsible Innovation in Post-Proteomic Biology)
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine The Vitamin D/CYP24A1 Story in Cancer
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Gene Expression Profiles Induced by Amphetamine and Phencyclidine; Novel Targets for the Treatment of Drug Psychosis and Schizophrenia
Medicinal Chemistry Reviews - Online (Discontinued) Molecular and Enzymatic Profiles of Mammalian DNA Methyltransferases: Structures and Targets for Drugs
Current Medicinal Chemistry Identification and Characterization of a Chemical Compound that Inhibits Methionyl-tRNA Synthetase from <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Protein Aggregation and Defective RNA Metabolism as Mechanisms for Motor Neuron Damage
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Peptides or Small Molecules? Different Approaches to Develop More Effective CDK Inhibitors
Current Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacological Activation of p53 in Cancer Cells
Current Pharmaceutical Design Studies of p53 Tumor Suppression Activity in Mouse Models
Current Genomics Molecular Evidence of Cryptotanshinone for Treatment and Prevention of Human Cancer
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Chemical & RNAi Screening at MSKCC: A Collaborative Platform to Discover & Repurpose Drugs to Fight Disease
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Molecular Genetics of Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy and Norrie Disease
Current Genomics New Development and Application of Ultrasound Targeted Microbubble Destruction in Gene Therapy and Drug Delivery
Current Gene Therapy Predictive In Silico Studies of Human 5-hydroxytryptamine Receptor Subtype 2B (5-HT2B) and Valvular Heart Disease
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Epigenetics in Cystic Fibrosis: Epigenetic Targeting of a Genetic Disease
Current Drug Targets Cellular Senescence in the Development and Treatment of Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Regulatory Circuitries Coordinated by Transcription Factors and microRNAs at the Cornerstone of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Differentiation
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Recurrence in Bladder Cancer: A Molecular Dead End?
Current Genomics