Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined as the loss of muscle mass associated with a loss of muscle function, e.g., walking speed. A number of consensus definitions exist for sarcopenia with cut-off points being ethnically specific. A rapid screen test (SARC-F) is available and does not require different ethnic cut-off points. Sarcopenia leads to the development of frailty, disability and mortality. The prevalence of sarcopenia varies from 1-29% in community- dwelling and 14 to 33% in long-term care populations. Hormones play a role in the development of muscle mass and in the regulation of muscle strength. Testosterone appears to be the central hormone involved in the development of sarcopenia; it increases both muscle mass and activates satellite cells leading to increased muscle function. Growth hormone deficiency leads to the loss of muscle mass but not muscle strength. Lack of insulin or insulin resistance leads to accelerated development of sarcopenia. Vitamin D deficiency plays a role in the loss of muscle strength. A variety of other hormones appear to play minor roles in age-related alterations in muscle mass and function. At present, the treatment of sarcopenia is resistance exercise, leucine enriched essential amino acids or hydroxymethylbutyrate and vitamin D replacement.
Keywords: Sarcopenia, hormones, muscle, disability, frailty, Vitamin D.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Hormones and Sarcopenia
Volume: 23 Issue: 30
Author(s): John E. Morley*
Affiliation:
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University, School of Medicine 1402 S. Grand Blvd., M238 St. Louis, MO 63104,United States
Keywords: Sarcopenia, hormones, muscle, disability, frailty, Vitamin D.
Abstract: Sarcopenia is defined as the loss of muscle mass associated with a loss of muscle function, e.g., walking speed. A number of consensus definitions exist for sarcopenia with cut-off points being ethnically specific. A rapid screen test (SARC-F) is available and does not require different ethnic cut-off points. Sarcopenia leads to the development of frailty, disability and mortality. The prevalence of sarcopenia varies from 1-29% in community- dwelling and 14 to 33% in long-term care populations. Hormones play a role in the development of muscle mass and in the regulation of muscle strength. Testosterone appears to be the central hormone involved in the development of sarcopenia; it increases both muscle mass and activates satellite cells leading to increased muscle function. Growth hormone deficiency leads to the loss of muscle mass but not muscle strength. Lack of insulin or insulin resistance leads to accelerated development of sarcopenia. Vitamin D deficiency plays a role in the loss of muscle strength. A variety of other hormones appear to play minor roles in age-related alterations in muscle mass and function. At present, the treatment of sarcopenia is resistance exercise, leucine enriched essential amino acids or hydroxymethylbutyrate and vitamin D replacement.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Morley E. John*, Hormones and Sarcopenia, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2017; 23 (30) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666161123150032
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666161123150032 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Aldose Reductase Enzyme and its Implication to Major Health Problems of the 21st Century
Current Medicinal Chemistry Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Autoimmune Disease with Female Preponderance and Cardiovascular Risk Equivalent to Diabetes Mellitus: Role of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Medical Treatment of Critical Limb Ischemia: Current State and Future Directions
Current Vascular Pharmacology Molecular Mechanisms of Restenosis After Percutaneous Peripheral Angioplasty and Approach to Endovascular Therapy
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Highest Mortality During the Last Year Before and the First Year After Start of Dialysis Treatment in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Nephropathy
Current Diabetes Reviews Inflammation: A Link Between Hypertension and Atherosclerosis
Current Hypertension Reviews Relevance of Endothelial-Haemostatic Dysfunction in Cigarette Smoking
Current Medicinal Chemistry Endothelial Function: A Surrogate Endpoint in Cardiovascular Studies?
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Dual Role of Free Fatty Acid Signaling in Inflammation and Therapeutics
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Gender Disparities on Access to Care and Coronary Disease Management
Current Pharmaceutical Design Animal Models for Studying Neointima Formation
Current Vascular Pharmacology Platelet Activation in Atherogenesis Associated with Low-Grade Inflammation
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) The Clinical Neuroscience of Post Stroke Depression
Current Neuropharmacology Circulating Cellular Players in Vascular Calcification
Current Pharmaceutical Design Interventions Against Sarcopenia in Older Persons
Current Pharmaceutical Design Ivabradine: Cardiovascular Effects
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Milestones in Antihypertensive Drug Treatment
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cellular Membrane Microparticles: Potential Targets of Combinational Therapy for Vascular Disease
Current Vascular Pharmacology Inflammasome Activation in Chronic Glomerular Diseases
Current Drug Targets Autosomal Dominant Hypercholesterolemia: Needs for Early Diagnosis and Cascade Screening in the Tunisian Population
Current Genomics