N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Antagonists and Their Pharmacological Implication: A Medicinal Chemistry-Oriented Perspective Outline

Title:N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Antagonists and Their Pharmacological Implication: A Medicinal Chemistry-Oriented Perspective Outline

Volume: 31

Author(s): Vikas Rana, Shayantan Ghosh, Akanksha Bhatt, Damini Bisht, Gaurav Joshi and Priyank purohit*

Affiliation:

• School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India

Keywords: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, antagonist, Alzheimer’s disease, pharmacological implication, ionotropic glutamate receptor, Receptor

Abstract: N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, i.e., inotropic glutamate receptors, are important in synaptic plasticity, brain growth, memory, and learning. The activation of NMDA is done by neurotransmitter glutamate and co-agonist (glycine or D-serine) binding. However, the over-activation of NMDA elevates the intracellular calcium influx, which causes various neurological diseases and disorders. Therefore, to prevent excitotoxicity and neuronal death, inhibition of NMDA must be done using its antagonist. This review delineates the structure of subunits of NMDA and the conformational changes induced after the binding of agonists (glycine and D-serine) and antagonists (ifenprodil, etc.). Additionally, reported NMDA antagonists from different sources, such as synthetic, semisynthetic, and natural resources, are explained by their mechanism of action and pharmacological role. The comprehensive report also addresses the chemical spacing of NMDA inhibitors and in-vivo and in-vitro models to test NMDA antagonists. Since the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) is the primary membrane that prevents the penetration of a wide variety of drug molecules, we also elaborate on the medicinal chemistry approach to improve the effectiveness of their antagonists.

Cite this article as:

Rana Vikas, Ghosh Shayantan, Bhatt Akanksha, Bisht Damini, Joshi Gaurav and purohit Priyank*, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Antagonists and Their Pharmacological Implication: A Medicinal Chemistry-Oriented Perspective Outline, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2024; 31 () . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0109298673288031240405061759