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Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter November 28, 2018

Archaean hydrothermal fluid modified zircons at Sunrise Dam and Kanowna Belle gold deposits, Western Australia: Implications for post-magmatic fluid activity and ore genesis

  • Rui Wang EMAIL logo , Heejin Jeon and Noreen J. Evans
From the journal American Mineralogist

Abstract

To further our knowledge of ore genesis in one of Australia’s preeminent ore districts, we have completed a comprehensive geochemical study of ore-related porphyritic intrusions from the Archaean Kanowna Belle and Sunrise Dam gold deposits (both >10 Moz), Eastern Goldfields, Western Australia. Zircon samples (including samples from the newly developed Velvet mine) with ages ranging from 2.8 to 2.2 Ga, were investigated for O-OH isotopic signatures, trace element abundance, and U-Th-Pb compositions to elucidate the nature of the magmatic source and ore-related fluid. These intrusions have similarly high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios to adakites from the Aleutian and Cook Islands, but lower Mg# values and higher K2O contents, suggesting they were derived from partial melts in a thickened crust. The modern analogs are post-collisional, high-Sr/Y granitoid porphyries in southern Tibet. Magmatic zircons have intermediate δ18O values (+5‰ to +6.3‰), and estimated magmatic crystallization temperatures (Ti-in-zircon) in between 660–760 °C. They are interpreted as having crystallized from positive δ18O magmas during water-fluxed melting of juvenile lower crust. Hydrothermal fluid modified zircons are texturally indistinguishable from magmatic zircons, but their trace element, OH, and isotopic compositions are distinct. The involvement of hydrothermal fluid in zircon growth is evidenced by a negative correlation between OH content and δ18O. In addition, the studied hydrothermal fluid modified zircons are characterized by high La contents, flat rare earth element patterns, weak Ce anomalies, and high Eu/Eu* ratios, suggesting they were related to a high-temperature, Zr-saturated, high-Eu, Cl-rich, and low-pH hydrothermal fluid. Such fluids are common in eastern Yilgarn gold camps.


Special collection papers can be found online at http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/special-collections.html.


Acknowledgments

This research was financially co-supported by the MOST of China (2016YFC0600304 and 2016YFC0600407), the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (91755207 and 41225006), and the 111 Project (B18048). We thank Jianwei Zi for processing the SIMS U-Pb data, and Bob Pidgeon for insightful comments on an early version. Bradley McDonald is thanked for assistance with LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating and trace element analysis. GeoHistory Facility instruments were funded via an Australian Geophysical Observing System grant provided to AuScope Pty Ltd. by the AQ44 Australian Education Investment Fund program. The authors would like to acknowledge the Australian Microscopy – Microanalysis Research Facility, AuScope, the Science and Industry Endowment Fund, and the State Government of Western Australian for contributing to the Ion Probe Facility at the Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis at the University of Western Australia. We also thank Celestine Mercer for handling our manuscript. Yongjun Lu and the other anonymous reviewer are thanked for constructive reviews.

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Received: 2017-11-21
Accepted: 2018-08-20
Published Online: 2018-11-28
Published in Print: 2018-12-19

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