Abstract
Monazite (CePO4) and xenotime (YPO4) are important hosts for REE and thus can be used to monitor REE mass transfer in various settings. In this investigation, the solubilities of synthetic monazite and xenotime were measured in KCl-H2O fluids at 800 °C and 1.0 GPa, using the piston-cylinder apparatus. The experimental results indicate an increase in monazite and xenotime solubility in aqueous fluids with moderate KCl mole fractions (XKCl) in agreement with previous investigations of the solubility of these phases in NaCl-H2O. Under all conditions, monazite and xenotime dissolve congruently. The solubility of synthetic monazite increases from 8 ppm in pure H2O to 335 ppm at XKCl = 0.506. The solubility of synthetic xenotime rises from 46 ppm in pure H2O to 126 ppm at XKCl = 0.348, above which it is constant or declines slightly. Monazite and xenotime solubilities are considerably lower in KCl-H2O than in NaCl-H2O at the same salt concentration. Best-fit equations for the solubilities of the two phases are:
and
where mz and xt stand for monazite and xenotime, and XKCl = nKCl/(nKCl + nH2O) where n is moles. The change in solubilities with KCl implies that Ce dissolves as an anhydrous chloride complex (CeCl3), whereas Y forms a mixed Cl-OH solute [YCl(OH)2]. The data also imply that H2O-NaCl fluids and H2O-KCl fluids close to neutral pH can transport substantial amounts of REE and Y, thus obviating the need to invoke low-pH solutions in high-grade environments where they are highly unlikely to occur.
Acknowledgments
The financial support from the Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography, University of Innsbruck is greatly acknowledged. Martina Tribus is thanked for her help with the SEM and Hannes Witting for his help in the high-pressure laboratory. Craig E. Manning was supported by U.S. National Science Foundation grant EAR 1347987. The manuscript was significantly improved by reviews by Anselm Loges, and an anonymous reviewer. Don Baker is gratefully acknowledged for the editorial handling of the manuscript.
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