Abstract
Wayneburnhamite (IMA2015-124), Pb9Ca6(Si2O7)3(SiO4)3, is a new mineral from the Commercial quarry, Crestmore, Riverside County, California, where it occurs as a metasomatic mineral on fracture surfaces in vesuvianite/wollastonite rock. Wayneburnhamite crystals are sky-blue hexagonal tablets and prisms up to 0.5 mm in maximum dimension. The streak is white. Crystals are transparent to translucent with vitreous to resinous luster. The Mohs hardness is 3%, the tenacity is brittle, the fracture is conchoidal, and there is no cleavage. The calculated density is 5.271 g/cm3. The mineral is optically uniaxial (+), with m = 1.855(5), and e = 1.875(5) (white light). The pleochroism is E sky blue and O lighter sky blue; E > O weak. Raman and infrared spectra are consistent with the crystal structure, but suggest a very minor hydrous component. The empirical formula (based on 9 Si apfu) is (Pb8.33Sr0.04n0.63)Σ9.00(Ca5.40Cu2+0.27□0.33)Σ6.00Si9S0.21O32.64Cl0.05. Wayneburnhamite is hexagonal, P6, a = 9.8953(9), c = 10.2054(7) Å, V = 865.40(17) Å3, and Z = 1. The eight strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are [dobs in Å(I)(hkl)]: 4.95(52)(110); 4.45(64)(111); 3.550(77)(112); 3.232(54)(120); 3.086(100)(121); 2.847(60)(300); 2.798(48)(113); and 2.734(83)(212). The structure determination (R1 = 3.01% for 1063 Fo > 4σF) shows wayneburnhamite to be an apatite polysome isostructural with ganomalite, differing only in that the site occupied dominantly by Mn in the structure of ganomalite is occupied dominantly by Ca in the structure of wayneburnhamite. The structure refinement of wayneburnhamite appears to represent a rare case in which the approximate locations of the Pb2+ 6s2 lone-electron pairs can be seen as electron density residuals.
Special collection papers can be found online at http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/special-collections.html.
Acknowledgments
Associate editor John M. Hughes is thanked for his constructive comments on the manuscript. The microprobe analyses and some of the SEM work were funded by a grant to Caltech from the Northern California Mineralogical Society. The Caltech spectroscopic work was funded by NSF grant EAR-1322082. The remainder of this study was funded by the John Jago Trelawney Endowment to the Mineral Sciences Department of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. The funds for color printing were provided by the Southern California Chapter of the Friends of Mineralogy.
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