This study examined the validity of the Bidimensional Resilience Scale (BRS) using the twin method. In Study 1, the BRS was administered to 662 junior high and high school students, and the bidimensional structure (innate/acquired resilience factors) was extracted. In Study 2, the BRS was administered to 41 monozygotic (MZ) and 15 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the innate resilience factor was significant for MZ but not DZ twins, thus making the BRS scored attributable to independent genetic factors. Finally, the validity of the BRS subscales were examined.