Skip to main content
Log in

Rapid Quantification of N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone in Polymer Matrices by Thermal Desorption-GC/MS

  • Published:
Analytical Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Analysis of a residual solvent in polymeric materials has become an important issue due to the increased regulations and standards for its use. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is a solvent widely used in many industries and restricted as one of the chemicals under EU REACH regulations due to its potential harmful effects. In this study, thermal desorption–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) is applied for the quantitative analysis of NMP with the use of a polymer-coated sample cup. By using the polymer-coated sample cup, the vaporization of NMP was prevented during waiting time before TD-GC/MS analysis. The calibration curve for the TD method showed good linearity (correlation coefficient, r2 = 0.9998) and precision values (below 5.3% RSD). NMP recovery rates in different polymer matrices (PS, PMMA and PVC) were in the range of 98.8 to 106.6% with RSD values below 5.0%. The quantification result (600 mg NMP/kg PVC) for the blind NMP carrying sample in a PVC matrix by TD-GC/MS was higher than that (532 mg NMP/kg PVC) by solvent extraction-GC/MS method.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. S. F. Hansen, L. Carlsen, and J. A. Tickner, Environ. Sci. Policy, 2007, 10, 395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. J. Oltmanns, D. Bunke, W. Jenseit, and C. Heidorn, Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol, 2014, 70, 474.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Z.-L. Xu and F. A. Qusay, J. Membrane Asci., 2004, 233, 101.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. M. Tokur, H. Algul, T. Cetinkaya, M. Uysal, and H. Akbulut, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2016, 163, A1326.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. C. van Thriel, M. Blaszkewicz, M. Schäper, S. A. Juran, S. Kleinbeck, E. Kiesswetter, R. Wrbitzky, J. Stache, K. Golka, and M. Bader, Toxicol. Lett., 2007, 175, 44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. “WHO Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 35”, 2001, World Health Organization, http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/cicad/en/cicad35.pdf.

  7. 2009/567/EU, “Commission Decision of 9 July 2009 Establishing the Ecological Criteria for the Award of the Community Eco-label for Textile Products”, 2009, European Communities.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Act No. 117 of October 16, 1973, “Act on the Evaluation of Chemical Substances and Regulation of Their Manufacture, etc.”, 2010, Japan, http://www.meti.go.jp/policy/chemical_management/english/cscl/files/laws/laws_cscl.pdf.

  9. H. Davies, J. Grice, C. Kraege, and A. Stone, “Children’s Safe Products Act Report”, 2011, Washington State, USA, https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/documents/0907014.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  10. A. Mehdinia, A. Ghassempour, H. Rafati, and R. Heydari, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2007, 587, 82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. B. Âkesson and B. A. G. Jönsson, Drug Metab. Dispos., 1997, 25, 267.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. K. Fu, Q. Bao, W. Zhou, and S. Yuan, Anal. Methods, 2016, 8, 2941.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. T. Yuzawa, A. Hosaka, C. Watanabe, and S. Tsuge, Anal. Sci., 2008, 24, 953.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. T. Yuzawa, C. Watanabe, R. R. Freeman, and S. Tsuge, Anal. Sci., 2009, 25, 1057.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. G. Mitchell, C. Higgitt, and L. T. Gibson, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 2014, 107, 328.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. ASTM D 7823-16, “Standard Test Method for Determination of Low Level, Regulated Phthalates in Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Plastics by Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry”, 2016, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, https://www.astm.org/Standards/D7823.htm.

    Google Scholar 

  17. K. S. Park, M. H. Song, Y. D. Cho, and E. K. Choe, GJSFR: B, Chem., 2016, 16, 17

    Google Scholar 

  18. A. Hosaka, A. Watanabe, C. Watanabe, N. Teramae, and H. Ohtami, J. Chromatogr. A, 2016, 1391, 88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was performed with the consultancy support of IEC TC 111 WG 3 and technical support of Frontier Laboratories, Ltd.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Seung-Woon Myung.

Electronic supplementary material

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kim, YM., Kim, J.W., Moon, H.M. et al. Rapid Quantification of N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone in Polymer Matrices by Thermal Desorption-GC/MS. ANAL. SCI. 33, 821–824 (2017). https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.33.821

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.33.821

Keywords

Navigation