Research Article
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Year 2020, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 43 - 55, 30.01.2020

Anil Boz Semerci

https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.539372
Cited By: 2

Abstract

Bu çalışma
örgütsel sinizm ve güçlendirme arasındaki ilişkiyi sosyal sermaye ve cinsiyet
ile açıklamayı amaçlamıştır. Bu doğrultuda toplanan veriler yapısal eşitlik
modeli ile analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar çalışanların yapısal ve
psikolojik güçlendirme algılarının örgütsel sinizm üzerinde azaltıcı etkisini
ve sosyal sermayenin hem kadın çalışanlar hem de erkek çalışanlar için
psikolojik güçlendirme ve sinizm arasındaki düzenleyici rolünü ortaya
koymuştur. Bu bulgular hem yöneticiler hem de çalışanlar için birtakım öneriler
sunmaktadır. Çalışanlarının olumsuz tutumlarını ve sinizmi azaltmak isteyen
yöneticiler güçlendirmeyi bir araç olarak kullanabilirler. Ancak çalışanlar
psikolojik olarak kendilerini güçlendirilmiş algılasalar dahi, yöneticiler sinizmi
güçlendirecek veya zayıflatacak diğer kişisel faktörleri, sosyal sermaye gibi,
dikkate almalıdırlar. Özellikle kadın çalışanlar için yöneticiler psikolojik ve
sosyal faktörlere daha çok odaklanabilirler. Bu tür bir araştırma örgütsel
davranış ve yönetim literatüründe önemli bir kavram olan sinizmin öncüllerini
açıklamak için gereklidir. Ayrıca bu çalışma neden bazı insanların örgütlerine
karşı diğerlerine göre çok daha fazla sinik davranış gösterdiklerini anlamak
açısından da önemlidir. 

Keywords

Örgütsel sinizm yapısal güçlendirme psikolojik güçlendirme sosyal sermaye

References

  • Anderson, L. (1996). Employee Cynicism: An Examination Using a Contract Violation Framework, Human Relations, 49, 1395–418.
  • Anderson, J. C., and Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach, Psychological bulletin, 103, 3, 411.
  • Ardahan, F. (2012). Sosyal Sermaye Ölçeği geçerlilik, güvenirlilik çalışması. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 9, 2, 773-789.
  • Avolio, B. J., Zhu, W., Koh, W., and Bhatia, P. (2004). Transformational leadership and organizational commitment: Mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of structural distance. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 25, 8, 951-968.
  • Bashir, S., Nasir, Z. M., Saeed, S., and Ahmed, M. (2011). Breach of psychological contract, perception of politics and organizational cynicism: Evidence from Pakistan. African Journal of Business Management, 5, 3, 884-888.
  • Bernerth, J. B., Armenakis, A. A., Feild, H. S., and Walker, H. J. (2007). Justice, cynicism, and commitment: A study of important organizational change variables. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 43, 3, 303-326.
  • Bem, S. L., (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 155–162
  • Bhatnagar, J. (2007). Predictors of organizational commitment in India: strategic HR roles, organizational learning capability and psychological empowerment. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18, 10, pp. 1782-1811.
  • Bolino, M. C., Turnley, W. H., and Bloodgood, J. M. (2002). Citizenship behavior and the creation of social capital in organizations. Academy of management review, 27, 4, 505-522.
  • Bommer, W. H., Rich, G. A., and Rubin, R. S. (2005). Changing attitudes about change: Longitudinal effects of transformational leader behavior on employee cynicism about organizational change. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 26, 7, 733-753.
  • Bourdieu, Pierre . (1980). Le Capital Social: Notes Provisoires. Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales, 3, 2-3.
  • Brandes, P, Dharwadkar, R. and Dean, J. W., (1999). Does Organizational Cynicism Matter? Employee and Supervisor Perspectives on Work Outcomes. Eastern Academy of Management Proceedings, 150-153.
  • Brown, M., and Cregan, C. (2008). Organizational change cynicism: The role of employee involvement. Human Resource Management, 47, 4, 667-686.
  • Byrne, Z. S., and Hochwarter, W. A. (2008). Perceived organizational support and performance: Relationships across levels of organizational cynicism. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23, 1, 54-72.
  • Chiaburu, D. S., Peng, A. C., Oh, I. S., Banks, G. C., and Lomeli, L. C. (2013). Antecedents and consequences of employee organizational cynicism: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83, 2, 181-197.
  • Conger, J. A., and Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice.” Academy of management review, 13, 3, pp. 471-482.
  • Davis, W. D., and Gardner, W. L. (2004). Perceptions of politics and organizational cynicism: An attributional and leader–member exchange perspective. The leadership quarterly, 15, 4, 439-465.
  • Dean Jr, J. W., Brandes, P., and Dharwadkar, R. (1998). Organizational cynicism. Academy of Management review, 23, 2. 341-352.
  • Eagly, A. (1987). Sex differences in social behavior: A social role interpretation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Emmerik, I. H. (2006). Gender differences in the creation of different types of social capital: A multilevel study. Social networks, 28, 1, 24-37.
  • Feldman, D. C. (2000). The Dilbert syndrome: How employee cynicism about ineffective management is changing the nature of careers in organizations. American Behavioral Scientist, 43, 8, 1286-1300.
  • Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. Sage.
  • FitzGerald, M. R. (2002). Organizational cynicism: Its relationship to perceived organizational injustice and explanatory style. Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati.
  • Forret, M. L., and Dougherty, T. W. (2001). Correlates of networking behavior for managerial and professional employees. Group & Organization Management, 26, 3, 283-311.
  • Gilbert, S., Laschinger, H. K., and Leiter, M. (2010). The mediating effect of burnout on the relationship between structural empowerment and organizational citizenship behaviours. Journal of Nursing Management, 18, 3, 339-348.
  • Greenglass, E. R., and Julkunen, J. (1989). Construct validity and sex differences in Cook-Medley hostility.” Personality and Individual differences, 10, 2, 209-218.
  • Greve, A., and Salaff, J. W. (2003). Social networks and entrepreneurship.” Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 28, 1, 1-22.
  • Groot, W., Van Den Brink, H. M., and Van Praag, B. (2007). The compensating income variation of social capital.” Social indicators research, 82, 2, 189-207.
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American psychologist, 44, 3, 513.
  • İşçi, E., Şişman, F. A., and Bektaş, G. (2013). A research on the relationship between personnel empowerment and organizational cynicism.” Management, 3, 5, 252-258.
  • Johnson, J. L., and O'Leary‐Kelly, A. M. (2003). The effects of psychological contract breach and organizational cynicism: Not all social exchange violations are created equal.” Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 24, 5, 627-647.
  • Kalağan G. (2009). “Araştırma Görevlilerinin Örgütsel Destek Algıları İle Örgütsel Sinizm Tutumları Arasındaki İlişki.” Unpublished Master Dissertation, Akdeniz University.
  • Kanter, D. L., and Mirvis, P. H. (1989). The cynical Americans: Living and working in an age of discontent and disillusion. Jossey-Bass.
  • Karacaoglu, K., and Ince, F. (2012). Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of Brandes, Dharwadkar, and Dean’s (1999) organizational cynicism scale: the case of organized industrial zone, Kayseri. Business and Economics Research Journal, 3, 3, 1-77.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S., Finegan, J., Shamian, J., and Wilk, P. (2001). Impact of structural and psychological empowerment on job strain in nursing work settings: expanding Kanter’s model. Journal of nursing Administration, 31, 5, 260-272.
  • Leana, C. R., and Van Buren, H. J. (1999). Organizational social capital and employment practices. Academy of management review, 24, 3, 538-555.
  • Lorinkova, N. M., and Perry, S. J. (2017). When is empowerment effective? The role of leader-leader exchange in empowering leadership, cynicism, and time theft. Journal of Management, 43, 5, 1631-1654.
  • Nahapiet, J., and Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational Advantage." Academy of Management Review, 23, 2, 242-266.
  • O'Neill, B. and Gidengil, E. (Eds.). (2013). Gender and social capital. Routledge.
  • Orhan, M. (2001). Women business owners in France: The issue of financing discrimination. Journal of Small Business Management, 39, 1, 95-102.
  • Onyx, J., and Bullen, P. (2000). Measuring social capital in five communities. The journal of applied behavioral science, 36, 1, 23-42.
  • Polatcan, M., and Titrek, O. (2014). The relationship between leadership behaviors of school principals and their organizational cynicism attitudes. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 141, 1291-1303.
  • Pope, K. S., Butcher, J. N., and Seelen, J. (1993). The MMPI, MMPI-2 & MMPI-A in court. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Reichers, A. E., Wanous, J. P., and Austin, J. T. (1997). Understanding and managing cynicism about organizational change. Academy of Management Perspectives, 11,1, 48-59.
  • Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of management Journal, 38, 5, 1442-1465.
  • Subramanian, S. V., Kim, D. J., and Kawachi, I. (2002). Social trust and self-rated health in US communities: a multilevel analysis. Journal of Urban Health, 79, 1, 21-34.
  • Sürgevil, O., Tolay, E., and Topoyan, M. (2013). Yapisal güçlendirme ve psikolojik güçlendirme ölçeklerinin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik analizleri. Journal of Yasar University, 8, 31, 5371-5391.
  • Thomas, K. W., and Velthouse, B. A. (1990). Cognitive elements of empowerment: An “interpretive” model of intrinsic task motivation. Academy of management review, 15, 4, 666-681.
  • Wanous, J. P., Reichers, A. E., and Austin, J. T. (2000). Cynicism about organizational change: Measurement, antecedents, and correlates. Group & Organization Management, 25, 2, 132-153.
  • Wellington, S., and Spence, B. (2001). Be your own mentor: Strategies from top women on the secrets of success. Random House.
  • Wilkerson, J. M. (2002). Organizational cynicism and its impact on human resources management. Human resources management: Perspectives, context, functions, and outcomes, 532-546.
  • Wilkerson, J. M., Evans, W. R., and Davis, W. D. (2008). A test of coworkers' influence on organizational cynicism, badmouthing, and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 38, 9, 2273-2292.
  • Zimmerman, M. A. (1995). Psychological empowerment: Issues and illustrations. American journal of community psychology, 23, 5, 581-599.

Roles of Employees' Social Capital in the Relationship Between Empowerment and Cynicism

Year 2020, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 43 - 55, 30.01.2020

Anil Boz Semerci

https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.539372
Cited By: 2

Abstract

This paper aimed to explain the relationship between organizational
cynicism, empowerment and the individual's sense of social capital in terms of
gender. In this direction the
obtained data were analyzed by structural equation model. The results indicate
that structural and psychological empowerments have reducing effect on
organizational cynicism, and social capital has a moderator role between
psychological empowerment and organizational cynicism for both women and men. However,
women with high social capital have a greater reduction of psychological
empowerment on organizational cynicism than men with high social capital. These findings offer few
recommendations for managers and employees. Managers to decrease employees’
negative attitudes and to ease cynicism may use empowerment. However, even
employees perceive as psychologically empowered, managers also should consider
some other individual sources such as social capital that can buffer or
strengthen the cynicism. Particularly for women employees, managers can focus
more on psychological and social resources in order to decrease negative work
consequences. Such an investigation
is necessary to reveal the predictors of cynicism as one of the important
concept in organizational behavior and management literature. It is also
valuable to understand to why some people are so much more cynical about their
organizations than others.

Keywords

Organizational cynicism structural empowerment psychological empowerment social capital

References

  • Anderson, L. (1996). Employee Cynicism: An Examination Using a Contract Violation Framework, Human Relations, 49, 1395–418.
  • Anderson, J. C., and Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach, Psychological bulletin, 103, 3, 411.
  • Ardahan, F. (2012). Sosyal Sermaye Ölçeği geçerlilik, güvenirlilik çalışması. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 9, 2, 773-789.
  • Avolio, B. J., Zhu, W., Koh, W., and Bhatia, P. (2004). Transformational leadership and organizational commitment: Mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of structural distance. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 25, 8, 951-968.
  • Bashir, S., Nasir, Z. M., Saeed, S., and Ahmed, M. (2011). Breach of psychological contract, perception of politics and organizational cynicism: Evidence from Pakistan. African Journal of Business Management, 5, 3, 884-888.
  • Bernerth, J. B., Armenakis, A. A., Feild, H. S., and Walker, H. J. (2007). Justice, cynicism, and commitment: A study of important organizational change variables. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 43, 3, 303-326.
  • Bem, S. L., (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 155–162
  • Bhatnagar, J. (2007). Predictors of organizational commitment in India: strategic HR roles, organizational learning capability and psychological empowerment. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18, 10, pp. 1782-1811.
  • Bolino, M. C., Turnley, W. H., and Bloodgood, J. M. (2002). Citizenship behavior and the creation of social capital in organizations. Academy of management review, 27, 4, 505-522.
  • Bommer, W. H., Rich, G. A., and Rubin, R. S. (2005). Changing attitudes about change: Longitudinal effects of transformational leader behavior on employee cynicism about organizational change. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 26, 7, 733-753.
  • Bourdieu, Pierre . (1980). Le Capital Social: Notes Provisoires. Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales, 3, 2-3.
  • Brandes, P, Dharwadkar, R. and Dean, J. W., (1999). Does Organizational Cynicism Matter? Employee and Supervisor Perspectives on Work Outcomes. Eastern Academy of Management Proceedings, 150-153.
  • Brown, M., and Cregan, C. (2008). Organizational change cynicism: The role of employee involvement. Human Resource Management, 47, 4, 667-686.
  • Byrne, Z. S., and Hochwarter, W. A. (2008). Perceived organizational support and performance: Relationships across levels of organizational cynicism. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23, 1, 54-72.
  • Chiaburu, D. S., Peng, A. C., Oh, I. S., Banks, G. C., and Lomeli, L. C. (2013). Antecedents and consequences of employee organizational cynicism: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83, 2, 181-197.
  • Conger, J. A., and Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice.” Academy of management review, 13, 3, pp. 471-482.
  • Davis, W. D., and Gardner, W. L. (2004). Perceptions of politics and organizational cynicism: An attributional and leader–member exchange perspective. The leadership quarterly, 15, 4, 439-465.
  • Dean Jr, J. W., Brandes, P., and Dharwadkar, R. (1998). Organizational cynicism. Academy of Management review, 23, 2. 341-352.
  • Eagly, A. (1987). Sex differences in social behavior: A social role interpretation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Emmerik, I. H. (2006). Gender differences in the creation of different types of social capital: A multilevel study. Social networks, 28, 1, 24-37.
  • Feldman, D. C. (2000). The Dilbert syndrome: How employee cynicism about ineffective management is changing the nature of careers in organizations. American Behavioral Scientist, 43, 8, 1286-1300.
  • Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. Sage.
  • FitzGerald, M. R. (2002). Organizational cynicism: Its relationship to perceived organizational injustice and explanatory style. Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati.
  • Forret, M. L., and Dougherty, T. W. (2001). Correlates of networking behavior for managerial and professional employees. Group & Organization Management, 26, 3, 283-311.
  • Gilbert, S., Laschinger, H. K., and Leiter, M. (2010). The mediating effect of burnout on the relationship between structural empowerment and organizational citizenship behaviours. Journal of Nursing Management, 18, 3, 339-348.
  • Greenglass, E. R., and Julkunen, J. (1989). Construct validity and sex differences in Cook-Medley hostility.” Personality and Individual differences, 10, 2, 209-218.
  • Greve, A., and Salaff, J. W. (2003). Social networks and entrepreneurship.” Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 28, 1, 1-22.
  • Groot, W., Van Den Brink, H. M., and Van Praag, B. (2007). The compensating income variation of social capital.” Social indicators research, 82, 2, 189-207.
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American psychologist, 44, 3, 513.
  • İşçi, E., Şişman, F. A., and Bektaş, G. (2013). A research on the relationship between personnel empowerment and organizational cynicism.” Management, 3, 5, 252-258.
  • Johnson, J. L., and O'Leary‐Kelly, A. M. (2003). The effects of psychological contract breach and organizational cynicism: Not all social exchange violations are created equal.” Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 24, 5, 627-647.
  • Kalağan G. (2009). “Araştırma Görevlilerinin Örgütsel Destek Algıları İle Örgütsel Sinizm Tutumları Arasındaki İlişki.” Unpublished Master Dissertation, Akdeniz University.
  • Kanter, D. L., and Mirvis, P. H. (1989). The cynical Americans: Living and working in an age of discontent and disillusion. Jossey-Bass.
  • Karacaoglu, K., and Ince, F. (2012). Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of Brandes, Dharwadkar, and Dean’s (1999) organizational cynicism scale: the case of organized industrial zone, Kayseri. Business and Economics Research Journal, 3, 3, 1-77.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S., Finegan, J., Shamian, J., and Wilk, P. (2001). Impact of structural and psychological empowerment on job strain in nursing work settings: expanding Kanter’s model. Journal of nursing Administration, 31, 5, 260-272.
  • Leana, C. R., and Van Buren, H. J. (1999). Organizational social capital and employment practices. Academy of management review, 24, 3, 538-555.
  • Lorinkova, N. M., and Perry, S. J. (2017). When is empowerment effective? The role of leader-leader exchange in empowering leadership, cynicism, and time theft. Journal of Management, 43, 5, 1631-1654.
  • Nahapiet, J., and Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational Advantage." Academy of Management Review, 23, 2, 242-266.
  • O'Neill, B. and Gidengil, E. (Eds.). (2013). Gender and social capital. Routledge.
  • Orhan, M. (2001). Women business owners in France: The issue of financing discrimination. Journal of Small Business Management, 39, 1, 95-102.
  • Onyx, J., and Bullen, P. (2000). Measuring social capital in five communities. The journal of applied behavioral science, 36, 1, 23-42.
  • Polatcan, M., and Titrek, O. (2014). The relationship between leadership behaviors of school principals and their organizational cynicism attitudes. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 141, 1291-1303.
  • Pope, K. S., Butcher, J. N., and Seelen, J. (1993). The MMPI, MMPI-2 & MMPI-A in court. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Reichers, A. E., Wanous, J. P., and Austin, J. T. (1997). Understanding and managing cynicism about organizational change. Academy of Management Perspectives, 11,1, 48-59.
  • Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of management Journal, 38, 5, 1442-1465.
  • Subramanian, S. V., Kim, D. J., and Kawachi, I. (2002). Social trust and self-rated health in US communities: a multilevel analysis. Journal of Urban Health, 79, 1, 21-34.
  • Sürgevil, O., Tolay, E., and Topoyan, M. (2013). Yapisal güçlendirme ve psikolojik güçlendirme ölçeklerinin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik analizleri. Journal of Yasar University, 8, 31, 5371-5391.
  • Thomas, K. W., and Velthouse, B. A. (1990). Cognitive elements of empowerment: An “interpretive” model of intrinsic task motivation. Academy of management review, 15, 4, 666-681.
  • Wanous, J. P., Reichers, A. E., and Austin, J. T. (2000). Cynicism about organizational change: Measurement, antecedents, and correlates. Group & Organization Management, 25, 2, 132-153.
  • Wellington, S., and Spence, B. (2001). Be your own mentor: Strategies from top women on the secrets of success. Random House.
  • Wilkerson, J. M. (2002). Organizational cynicism and its impact on human resources management. Human resources management: Perspectives, context, functions, and outcomes, 532-546.
  • Wilkerson, J. M., Evans, W. R., and Davis, W. D. (2008). A test of coworkers' influence on organizational cynicism, badmouthing, and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 38, 9, 2273-2292.
  • Zimmerman, M. A. (1995). Psychological empowerment: Issues and illustrations. American journal of community psychology, 23, 5, 581-599.
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Anil Boz Semerci 0000-0002-9690-8122

Publication Date January 30, 2020
Acceptance Date November 11, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 20 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Boz Semerci, A. (2020). Roles of Employees’ Social Capital in the Relationship Between Empowerment and Cynicism. Ege Academic Review, 20(1), 43-55. https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.539372
AMA Boz Semerci A. Roles of Employees’ Social Capital in the Relationship Between Empowerment and Cynicism. ear. January 2020;20(1):43-55. doi:10.21121/eab.539372
Chicago Boz Semerci, Anil. “Roles of Employees’ Social Capital in the Relationship Between Empowerment and Cynicism”. Ege Academic Review 20, no. 1 (January 2020): 43-55. https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.539372.
EndNote Boz Semerci A (January 1, 2020) Roles of Employees’ Social Capital in the Relationship Between Empowerment and Cynicism. Ege Academic Review 20 1 43–55.
IEEE A. Boz Semerci, “Roles of Employees’ Social Capital in the Relationship Between Empowerment and Cynicism”, ear, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 43–55, 2020, doi: 10.21121/eab.539372.
ISNAD Boz Semerci, Anil. “Roles of Employees’ Social Capital in the Relationship Between Empowerment and Cynicism”. Ege Academic Review 20/1 (January 2020), 43-55. https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.539372.
JAMA Boz Semerci A. Roles of Employees’ Social Capital in the Relationship Between Empowerment and Cynicism. ear. 2020;20:43–55.
MLA Boz Semerci, Anil. “Roles of Employees’ Social Capital in the Relationship Between Empowerment and Cynicism”. Ege Academic Review, vol. 20, no. 1, 2020, pp. 43-55, doi:10.21121/eab.539372.
Vancouver Boz Semerci A. Roles of Employees’ Social Capital in the Relationship Between Empowerment and Cynicism. ear. 2020;20(1):43-55.

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https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i2.em08
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