Laser conization for uterine cervical carcinoma in situ (CIS) is designed to treat malignant tumors. Because the surgical stress is believed to be minimal, its impact on the patient's mental status has not been elaborated. To clarify the impact of operation and a notice of diseases on mental health, anxiety and depression of patients scheduled for uterine conization and those scheduled for surgery for benign diseases was compared with HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Subjects were 348 Japanese female patients (55 with CIS and 293 with benign gynecologic diseases; ages, 41.6±12.1 years) who had been admitted to undergo an operation. Each was asked to fill out the Japanese edition of HADS before surgery. Compared with the patients with benign diseases in general or with ovarian cysts, those with CIS scored significantly lower on the total HADS, anxiety, and depression scales. Only the total and depression scores were significantly lower when compared with patients with myoma uteri. Comparison among surgical procedures showed that uterine conization scored the lowest on the total and anxiety scales and second to laparoscopic cystectomy of ovarian cysts on the depression score. These results suggested that uterine conization, although intended for malignant tumors, is less likely to affect one's mental health than surgical procedures conducted for benign gynecologic diseases. The impact of scheduled operation is supposed to be stronger than that of a notice of diseases.