초록

The purposes of this study are to analyse expressions of hedges in English addresses at lexical and syntactic levels, and to testify Arndt & Janney(1991)'s proposal that a speaker in EFL (English as a Foreign Language) situation can have difficulty in using hedges appropriately in interpersonally salient position. In order to achieve these purposes, inaugural addresses such as George Washington (1789), Thomas Jefferson (1801), Abraham Lincoln (1861), Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933), John F. Kennedy (1961), Margaret Thatcher (1976), Ronald Reagan (1981), George Bush (1989), Bill Clinton (1993), Ki Moon Ban (2006), Dae Jung Kim (2007), and Myung Bak Lee (2008) are analysed in interpreting the expressions and the meanings of hedges. The results showed that linguistic devices of hedges in English addresses were described as realizing communicative strategies such as indetermination of an utterance, depersonalization of an utterances, formal objectivization of an utterance, and subjectivization of an utterance. It was also shown that downtoners, modality, personal/impersonal constructions, and passives at lexical and syntactic levels were described in English addresses as a strategy which renders speakers' messages more vague and thus reduces the force of what they are saying. Furthermore, it was testified that non-native speakers used less hedge expressions than native speakers in English addresses, which may lack the interpersonal flavor that the use of hedges conveys. (Korea Institute of Curriculum and Evaluation)

키워드

hedges, meanings of hedges, vagueness, indirectness, mitigation, downtoners, personal/impersonal constructions

참고문헌(23)open

  1. [학술지] 신명선 / 2006 / 국어 학술텍스트에 드러난 헤지(Hedge) 표현에 대한 연구 / 배달말 38 (38) : 151 ~ 180

  2. [학술지] Arndt,H. / 1991 / Verbal,prosodic,and kinesic emotive contrasts in speech / Journal of Pragmatics 15 (6) : 521 ~ 549

  3. [단행본] Berk,L.M. / 1999 / English Syntax / Oxford University Press

  4. [단행본] Brown,H.D. / 2000 / Principles of Language Learning and Teaching / Longman

  5. [단행본] Brown,P. / 1987 / Politeness:Some Universals of Language Usage / Cambridge University Press

  6. [단행본] Clemen,G. / 1997 / The concept of hedging:origins,approaches and definitions, Hedging and discourse / Walter de Gruyter

  7. [단행본] Clyne,M. / 1991 / The socio-cultural dimension:the dilemma of the German-speaking scholar, Subject oriented texts / de Guyter

  8. [단행본] Channell,J.M. / 1994 / Vague Language / Oxford University Press

  9. [단행본] Coates,J. / 1983 / The Semantics of Modal Auxiliaries / Croom Helm

  10. [단행본] Grabe,W. / 1997 / On the writing of science and the science of writing:hedging in science text and elsewhere, Hedging and discourse / Walter de Gruyter

  11. [단행본] Halliday,M.A.K. / 1985 / An Introduction to Functional Grammar / Edward Arnold

  12. [학술지] Herbert,R.K. / 1990 / Sex-based differences in compliment behavior / Language in Society 19 (2) : 201 ~ 224

  13. [학술지] Homes,J. / 1990 / Hedges and boosters in women's and men's speech / Language and Communication 10 (1) : 185 ~ 205

  14. [학술지] Kiefer,F. / 1994 / Modality / The encyclopedia of language and linguistics 5

  15. [학술지] Lakoff,G. / 1972 / Hedges: a study in meaning criteria and the logic of fuzzy concepts, the English Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society 1972 / Journal of Philosophical Logic 2 (4) : 458 ~ 508

  16. [단행본] Linderberg,A.C. / 1994 / Rhetorical conventions in scholarly articles in economics and business sciences:a study of introductions with a special reference to knowledge claims

  17. [단행본] Markkanen,R. / 1997 / Hedging:a challenge for pragmatics and discourse analysis, Hedging and discourse / Walter de Gruyter

  18. [단행본] Mauranen,A. / 1997 / Hedging in language revisers' hands, Hedging and discourse / Walter de Gruyter

  19. [단행본] Meyer,P.G. / 1997 / Hedging strategies in written academic discourse:strengthening the argument by weakening the claim, Hedging and discourse / Walter de Gruyter

  20. [단행본] Preisler,B. / 1986 / Linguistic Sex Roles in Conversation: Social Variation in the Expression of Tentativeness in English / Mouton de Gruyter

  21. [단행본] Quirk,R. / 1985 / A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language / Longman

  22. [단행본] Skelton,J. / 1997 / How to tell the truth in The British Medical Journal: patterns of Judgement in the 19th and 20th centuries, Hedging and discourse / Walter de Gruyter

  23. [단행본] Weinrich,H. / 1993 / Text Grammar / Bibliographisches Institut