Optimized vascular network by stereolithography for tissue engineered skin

Authors

  • Xiaoxiao Han Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, UK
  • Julien Courseaus Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM, Freiburg, Germany
  • Jamel Khamassi Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM, Freiburg, Germany;University of Freiburg, Institute of Physics, Freiburg, Germany;Technische Universität Darmstadt, Chair of Fluid Systems, Darmstadt, Germany
  • Nadine Nottrodt Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT, Aachen, Germany
  • Sascha Engelhardt Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT, Aachen, Germany
  • Frank Jacobsen Bergmannsheil University Hospital Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
  • Claas Bierwisch Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM, Freiburg, Germany
  • Wolfdietrich Meyer Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Potsdam, Germany
  • Torsten Walter INNOVENT e. V., Jena, Germany
  • Jürgen Weisser INNOVENT e. V., Jena, Germany
  • Raimund Jaeger Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM, Freiburg, Germany
  • Richard Bibb Design School, Loughborough University, UK
  • Russell Harris Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, UK

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v4i2.134

Keywords:

artificial vascular network, skin tissue engineering, additive manufacturing, stereolithography, design optimisation

Abstract

This paper demonstrates the essential and efficient methods to design, and fabricate optimal vascular network for tissue engineering structures based on their physiological conditions. Comprehensive physiological requirements in both micro and macro scales were considered in developing the optimisation design for complex vascular vessels. The optimised design was then manufactured by stereolithography process using materials that are biocompatible, elastic and surface bio-coatable. The materials are self-developed photocurable resin consist of BPA-ethoxylated-diacrylate, lauryl acrylate and isobornylacrylate with Irgacure®  184, the photoinitiator. The optimised vascular vessel offers many advantages: 1) it provides the maximum nutrient supply; 2) it minimises the recirculation areas and 3) it allows the wall shear stress on the vessel in a healthy range. The stereolithography manufactured vascular vessels were then embedded in the hydrogel seeded with cells. The results of in vitro studies show that the optimised vascular network has the lowest cell death rate compared with a pure hydrogel scaffold and a hydrogel scaffold embedded within a single tube in day seven. Consequently, these design and manufacture routes were shown to be viable for exploring and developing a high range complex and specialised artificial vascular networks. 

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Published

2018-04-23

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 2 (2018): International Journal of Bioprinting

Section

Research Article

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