Oil Hydrocarbon Degradation Capability of Bacterial Strains Isolated from the Sapanca Lake, Turkey
Abstract
In
this study, the analyses were carried out to determine oil-degradation capacity
and oil-resistance levels of bacteria isolated from water surface (0-30 cm) of
nine stations of the Sapanca Lake from September of 2008 to May of 2010. Twenty-seven
bacteria species belonging three classes and six families total of eighty-five
wild bacteria were identified and screened against crude oil with respect to
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Bacterial isolates showing resistance
against crude oil were chosen for Emulsification index (E24) test.
Isolates displaying higher E24 values were selected for further
degradation tests regarding pH and oil thickness values in experimental setups. Fifty bacterial strains of
eighty-five isolates were recorded to be resistant against oil hydrocarbon.
Positive reactions percentages of the isolates against crude oil were detected
in variable ranges between 25% and 100%. The results of the emulsification index test for crude oil
indicated that the isolates of S49-Stenotrophomonas
maltophila, S50-Aeromonas hydrophila,
S59-E. coli1, S38-Aeromonas hydrophila and S43-Enterobacter cloaceae have higher
emulsification percentages. The results of the degradation test showed that
isolate of S59-E. coli1 has higher
degradation ability than all isolates tested. The bacteria screened
against crude oil were detected to be sensitive against crude oil during the
first year of the study. Presence of petroleum-resistant bacteria in subsequent
tests was associated with the unexpected oil spill occurred in the Sapanca Lake
at the time. Detected crude oil resistant bacteria
isolates were stocked for a possible use in upcoming bioremediation related
studies.
References
- Referans1 APHA 2000. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 20th Edition. Clesceri, L.S., A.E Greenberg and A.D Eaton (eds). American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation. Washington, D.C.
- Referans2 ANON 1997. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically. 4th ed. Publication M7-A2, Villanova, PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.
- Referans3 Atlas RM 1995. Petroleum Biodegradation and Oil Spill Bioremediation. Mar Pollut Bull, 31(4-12): 178-182.
- Referans4 Altug G, Gürün S, Yüksel B, Memon A 2011. The Investigation of Oil Degrading Capacity of Bacterial Strains Isolated From Different Environments in Turkey, Fresen Environ Bull, 20, 886-893.
- Referans5 Altug G, Gürün S, Yüksel B, Memon A 2012. Oil Hydrocarbon Degradation Effects of Some Bacteria Isolated From Various Environments in Turkey. First National Workshop on Marine Biotechnology and Genomics. 24-25 May 2012, Muğla-Turkey, pp. 10-25.
- Referans6 Ciftci PS, Altug G 2010. Study on the Degradation Ability of the Bacteria Isolated from the sea of Marmara in Oil Hydrocarbons, Turkey. 39th CIESM (Commission Internationale pour l’Exploration Scientifique de la mer Mediterranee) CongressRapp. Comm In. Mer Medit, 39, Venice-Italy. pp:346.
- Referans7 Cole JJ, Findlay S, Pace M L 1988. Bacterial production in fresh and saltwater ecosystems—a cross-system overview. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 43: 1–10.
- Referans8 Cotner JB, Biddanda BA 2002. Small players, large role: microbial influence on biogeochemical processes in pelagic aquatic ecosystems. Ecosystems, 5:105–121.
- Referans9 Pritchard HP, Costa CF 1991. EPA's Alaska oil spill bioremediation project. Environ Sci Technol, 25(3): 372-379.
- Referans10 Rahman KSM, Rahman JT, Lakshmanaperumalsamy P, Banat IM 2002. Towards efficient crude oil degredation by a mixed bacterial consortium, Bioresour Technol, 85: 257-261.
- Referans11 Ron EZ, Rosenberg E 2002. Biosurfactants and oil bioremediation. Environ Biotechnol. 13(3): 249-252.
- Referans12 Newton RJ, Jones SE, Eiler A, McMahon KD, Bertilsson S 2011. A guide to the natural history of freshwater lake bacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 75(1): 14-49 DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.00028-10.
- Referans13 Sarubbo LA 2006. Production and stability studies of the bioemulsifier obtained from a strain of Candida glabrata UCO1002. J Biotehcnol 9: 400-406.
- Referans14 Tabatabaee A, Assadi MM, Noohi AA, Sajadian VA 2005. Isolation of biosurfactant producing bacteria from oil reservoirs, Iranian J Env Healt Sci Eng 2: 6-12.
- Referans15 Tanik A, Beler Baykal B, Gönenc E, Meric S, Öktem Y 1998. Effect and Control of Pollution in Catchment Area of Lake Sapanca, Turkey. Environ Manage 22(3): 407–414.
Sapanca Gölü’nden İzole Edilen Bakteri Suşlarının Petrol Hidrokarbonlarını Parçalama Yetenekleri
Abstract
Bu
çalışmada, Eylül 2008 ile Mayıs 2010 tarihleri arasında Sapanca Gölü’nde
belirlenen dokuz istasyonda yüzey sularından (0-30 cm) izole edilen
bakterilerin petrol parçalama kapasiteleri ve direnç düzeylerini belirlemek
amacıyla analizler yapılmıştır. Üç sınıf yedi familyaya ait yirmi yedi bakteri
türünden oluşan toplam seksen beş doğal bakteri izolatı tanımlanmış ve bu
izolatların hepsi Minimum İnhibitör Konsantrasyon (MİK) açısından ham petrole
karşı taranmıştır. Emülsifikasyon indeksi (E24) testi için ham
petrole karşı direnç gösteren bakteri izolatları seçilmiştir. E24 testlerinde
yüksek değerler gösteren izolatlar ileri parçalama testlerinde pH ve petrol
katman kalınlığı değerleri kaydedilmek üzere seçilmiştir. Seksen beş izolattan
elli tanesi petrol hidrokarbonuna karşı dirençli olarak kaydedilmiştir. Ham
petrole karşı pozitif reaksiyon gösteren izolatların yüzdeleri %25 ile %100
arasında değişiklik göstermiştir. S49-Stenotrophomonas maltophila, S50-Aeromonas hydrophila, S59-E. coli1, S38-Aeromonas hydrophila and S43-Enterobacter
cloaceae suşları en yüksek Emülsifikasyon İndeksi yüzdeleri gösteren
izolatlar olarak kaydedilmiştir. Parçalanma testinin sonuçları, S59-E coli1 izolatının test edilen tüm
izolatlardan daha yüksek parçalama kabiliyetine sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.
Çalışmanın ilk yılında yapılan ham petrole karşı dirençlilik testlerinde
taranan bakterilerin tümünün duyarlı olduğu kaydedilmiştir. Daha sonraki
testlerde petrole karşı direnç gösteren bakterilerin tespit edilmesi aynı
dönemde Sapanca Gölü’nde meydana gelen beklenmedik petrol sızıntısı ile
ilişkilendirilmiştir. Ham petrole dirençli izolatlar, aday bakteriler olarak
belirlenmiş ve ileride olası biyoremediasyon çalışmalarında kullanılmak
amacıyla stoklanmıştır..
References
- Referans1 APHA 2000. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 20th Edition. Clesceri, L.S., A.E Greenberg and A.D Eaton (eds). American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation. Washington, D.C.
- Referans2 ANON 1997. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically. 4th ed. Publication M7-A2, Villanova, PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.
- Referans3 Atlas RM 1995. Petroleum Biodegradation and Oil Spill Bioremediation. Mar Pollut Bull, 31(4-12): 178-182.
- Referans4 Altug G, Gürün S, Yüksel B, Memon A 2011. The Investigation of Oil Degrading Capacity of Bacterial Strains Isolated From Different Environments in Turkey, Fresen Environ Bull, 20, 886-893.
- Referans5 Altug G, Gürün S, Yüksel B, Memon A 2012. Oil Hydrocarbon Degradation Effects of Some Bacteria Isolated From Various Environments in Turkey. First National Workshop on Marine Biotechnology and Genomics. 24-25 May 2012, Muğla-Turkey, pp. 10-25.
- Referans6 Ciftci PS, Altug G 2010. Study on the Degradation Ability of the Bacteria Isolated from the sea of Marmara in Oil Hydrocarbons, Turkey. 39th CIESM (Commission Internationale pour l’Exploration Scientifique de la mer Mediterranee) CongressRapp. Comm In. Mer Medit, 39, Venice-Italy. pp:346.
- Referans7 Cole JJ, Findlay S, Pace M L 1988. Bacterial production in fresh and saltwater ecosystems—a cross-system overview. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 43: 1–10.
- Referans8 Cotner JB, Biddanda BA 2002. Small players, large role: microbial influence on biogeochemical processes in pelagic aquatic ecosystems. Ecosystems, 5:105–121.
- Referans9 Pritchard HP, Costa CF 1991. EPA's Alaska oil spill bioremediation project. Environ Sci Technol, 25(3): 372-379.
- Referans10 Rahman KSM, Rahman JT, Lakshmanaperumalsamy P, Banat IM 2002. Towards efficient crude oil degredation by a mixed bacterial consortium, Bioresour Technol, 85: 257-261.
- Referans11 Ron EZ, Rosenberg E 2002. Biosurfactants and oil bioremediation. Environ Biotechnol. 13(3): 249-252.
- Referans12 Newton RJ, Jones SE, Eiler A, McMahon KD, Bertilsson S 2011. A guide to the natural history of freshwater lake bacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 75(1): 14-49 DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.00028-10.
- Referans13 Sarubbo LA 2006. Production and stability studies of the bioemulsifier obtained from a strain of Candida glabrata UCO1002. J Biotehcnol 9: 400-406.
- Referans14 Tabatabaee A, Assadi MM, Noohi AA, Sajadian VA 2005. Isolation of biosurfactant producing bacteria from oil reservoirs, Iranian J Env Healt Sci Eng 2: 6-12.
- Referans15 Tanik A, Beler Baykal B, Gönenc E, Meric S, Öktem Y 1998. Effect and Control of Pollution in Catchment Area of Lake Sapanca, Turkey. Environ Manage 22(3): 407–414.