초록

비례대표의 발상은 로마 시대에서부터 찾아볼 수 있으나, 이 발상을 선거제도로 연결하기 위한 선구적인 노력은 라몬 률과 쿠사의 니콜라우스가 기울였다. 미국과 프랑스에서 혁명이 일어난 후 선거제도의 비례성을 높이려는 본격적인 고안들이 다양한 방향으로 발전하기 시작했다. 그 결과 정당명부식 비례대표제가 유럽 대륙을 풍미하게 되었고, 아일랜드는 단기이양식 투표제를 그리고 오스트레일리아는 그 변형인 대안투표제를 채택했으며, 독일과 뉴질랜드는 보상식을 사용하고 있다. 인류의 역사에서 비례대표 선거제도는 최근에 시작된 일로서 장차 무한한 갈래의 전개가 가능하다.

키워드

비례대표제, 보상식, 대안투표제, 라몬 률, 쿠사의 니콜라우스, 토머스 헤어, 캐서린 헬렌 스펜스

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