초록

The selection of social comparison standards is traditionally assumed to be guided by similarity between the self and the standard. Despite the theoretical and empirical prominence of this similarity hypothesis, however, relatively little is known about the determinants of similarity in standard selection. To remedy this shortcoming we apply recent insights into the role structure mapping — a process of aligning interconnected relational structures of attributes — plays in similarity comparisons to the realm of social comparison. We propose that similarity in relational structures between individual attributes of the target and the standard critically determine which standard is selected for comparison. Consistent with this assumption, Studies 1 and 2 show that inducing a specific relational structure in participants’ accessible self-knowledge leads them to select comparison standards with similar structures. In addition, Study 3 suggests that similarity in relational structures may be a stronger determinant of standard selection than similarity in isolated features.

키워드

structure mapping, standard selection, similarity hypothesis, social comparision

참고문헌(48)open

  1. [학술지] Catrambone, R / 2002 / The effects of surface and structural features matches on the access of story analogies 28 : 318 ~ 334

  2. [학술지] Chi / 1981 / Categorization andrepresentation of physics problems by experts and novices : 121 ~ 152

  3. [학술지] Clement / 1991 / Systematicity as a selection constraint inanalogical mapping : 89 ~ 132

  4. [학술지] Human Relations / 1954 / A theory of social comparison processes : 117 ~ 140

  5. [학술지] I / 1993 / A field study of social comparison processes inability evaluation British Journal of Social Psychology : 287 ~ 305

  6. [학술지] Forbus, K. D / 1995 / MAC/FAC: A model of similaritybased retrieval 19 : 141 ~ 205

  7. [학술지] Gentner / 1983 / A theoretical framework for analogy : 155 ~ 170

  8. [학술지] Gentner / 1988 / Metaphor as structure mapping : 47 ~ 59

  9. [학술지] Gentner / 1994 / Structural alignment in comparison Nodifference without similarity : 152 ~ 158

  10. [학술지] Gentner, D / 1997 / Structure mapping in analogy and similarity 52 : 45 ~ 56

  11. [학술지] Gentner, D / 2006 / Defining structural similarity 6 : 1 ~ 20

  12. [학술지] Gentner / 1991 / Language and the career of similarity Perspectives on thought and language Interrelations in development : 225 ~ 277

  13. [학술지] Gentner / 1993 / The roles of similarity intransfer Separating retrievability from inferential soundness : 524 ~ 575

  14. [학술지] Gentner / 1986 / Systematicity and surface similarity in thedevelopment of analogy : 277 ~ 300

  15. [학술지] Gilbert, D. T / 1995 / When comparisons arise 69 (2) : 227 ~ 236

  16. [학술지] Goldstone / 1994 / Time course of comparison : 29 ~ 50

  17. [학술지] Goldstone / 1991 / Relational similarity and thenonindependence of features in similarity judgments : 222 ~ 262

  18. [학술지] / 1971 / Determinants of social comparison choices : 473 ~ 489

  19. [학술지] Higgins, E.T. / 1996 / Knowledge activation: Accessibility, applicability, and salience : 133 ~ 168

  20. [학술지] Holyoak / 1987 / Surface and structural similarity in analogicaltransfer : 332 ~ 340

  21. [학술지] Holyoak / 1989 / Analogical mapping by constraint satisfaction : 295 ~ 355

  22. [학술지] Holyoak, K. J / 1995 / Mental leaps: Analogy in creative thought

  23. [학술지] Holyoak, K. J / 1999 / Restricting working-memory capacity impairs relational mapping : 224 ~ 228

  24. [학술지] Kihlstrom / 1984 / Mental representations of the self Advances in experimental social psychology : 145 ~ 180

  25. [학술지] Lockwood, P / 1997 / Superstars and me: Predicting the impact of role models on the self 73 : 91 ~ 103

  26. [학술지] Love, B. C / 1999 / A structural account of global and local processing 38 : 291 ~ 316

  27. [학술지] Lockwood, P / 2002 / Could it happen to you? Predicting the impact of downward comparisons on the self 82 : 343 ~ 358

  28. [학술지] Markman / 1993 / Structural alignment during similaritycomparisons : 431 ~ 467

  29. [학술지] Markman, A. D / 1996 / Commonalities and differences in similarity comparisons 24 : 235 ~ 249

  30. [학술지] Medin / 1993 / Respects for similarity : 254 ~ 278

  31. [학술지] Miller / 1982 / The role of performance-related similarity in social comparisonof abilities A test of the related attributes hypothesis Journal of ExperimentalSocial Psychology : 513 ~ 523

  32. [학술지] Miller, D. T / 1996 / The construction of social norms and standards : 799 ~ 829

  33. [학술지] Mussweiler, T. / 2001 / Focus of comparison as a determinant of assimilation versus contrast in social comparison 27 : 38 ~ 47

  34. [학술지] Mussweiler, T. / 2003 / Comparison processes in social judgment: Mechanisms and consequences 110 : 472 ~ 489

  35. [학술지] Mussweiler, T / 2000a / The “relative self”: Informational and judgmental consequences of comparative self-evaluation 79 : 23 ~ 38

  36. [학술지] Mussweiler, T / 2000b / Consequences of social comparison: Selective accessibility, assimilation, and contrast

  37. [학술지] Ross / 1987 / This is like that The use of earlier problems and the separationof similarity effects Journal of Experimental Psychology : 629 ~ 639

  38. [학술지] Shepard / 1974 / Representation of structure in similarity data : 373 ~ 421

  39. [학술지] Lawhon / 1978 / Social comparison choices for evaluatinga sex- and age-related ability : 102 ~ 105

  40. [학술지] Thagard, P / 1998 / Making sense of people: Coherence mechanisms : 3 ~ 26

  41. [학술지] A / 1977 / Features of similarity : 327 ~ 352

  42. [학술지] Wheeler / 1966 / Motivation as a determinant of upward comparison : 27 ~ 31

  43. [학술지] Wheeler / 1982 / Related attributes in choice ofcomparison others Journal of Experimental Social Psychology : 489 ~ 500

  44. [학술지] Wheeler, L / 1997 / The proxy model of social comparison for self-assessment of ability 1 : 54 ~ 61

  45. [학술지] Wheeler / 1992 / Social comparison in everyday life : 760 ~ 773

  46. [학술지] Wheeler / 1969 / Factors determining choice of acomparison other Journal of Experimental Social Psychology : 219 ~ 232

  47. [학술지] Wood / 1989 / Theory and research concerning social comparisons of personalattributes : 231 ~ 248

  48. [학술지] Goethals / 1975 / Social comparison with similar others and standard setters : 86 ~ 93