초록

본 연구는 성과 피드백 기반 학습(performance feedback-based learning) 이론을 바탕으로 기술탐색(technological search)에 영향을 미치는 요인들에 대해 살펴보고자 하였다. 성과 피드백 기반 학습 이론에 따르면, 조직은 자신이 받아들일 수 있는 최소한의 성과인 열망수준(aspiration levels)을 기준으로 성과평가를 한다. 이때, 만일 성과평가 결과가 부정적이라면 조직은 이를 문제로 인식하고 해결하기 위해 문제해결적 탐색(problemistic search)을 강화한다. 선행연구는 여러 가지 조건 및 맥락 하에서 이러한 논의를 입증해 왔는데, 연구개발에 대한 기대 역량과 상대적 연구개발 투자 비중이 문제해결적 탐색 프로세스에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 살펴본 적이 없다. 따라서 본 연구는 기업 특유의 연구개발 역량을 의미하는 ‘연구지수(research quotient)’와 산업 평균 연구개발 투자 비중과의 차이를 나타내는 ‘상대적 연구개발집중도(relative R&D intensity)’에 따라 조직의 탐색활동 강도가 달라질 것으로 예상하고 연구를 진행하였다. 이를 위해 1984년부터 2015년까지의 북미 제조 산업(SIC 2-digit 기준 20-39)을 대상으로 패널 데이터 분석을 실시하였고, 다음과 같은 가설들을 제시하고 실증하였다. (1) 기업의 성과가 열망 수준에 비해 낮은 경우, 기업성과와 열망 수준의 차이는 기술탐색과 정(+)의 관계이다(기본적 가설). (2) 연구지수가 높을수록 (1)의 경향을 감소시킨다. (3-1) 기업의 연구개발 집중도가 산업 평균 연구개발 집중도에 비해 높을수록 (1)의 경향을 증가시키고, (3-2) 기업의 연구개발 집중도가 산업 평균 연구개발 집중도에 비해 낮을수록 (1)의 경향을 감소시킨다.

키워드

성과 피드백, 문제해결적 탐색, 기술탐색, 연구지수, 상대적 연구개발 집중도

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