Abstract
Feed-in Tariff (FIT) is the long-term agreement between governments and firms investing in solar energy, where governments guarantee to purchase the energy produced by firms. This research aims to reveal the optimal FIT design for Photovoltaic (PV) investments in Turkey. Choice Experiment based questionnaire was conducted on solar energy firms to investigate the investment preferences and monetary worth of each FIT component for investors. We found that FIT design with longer contract duration creates positive value for PV investments, while low payment amount per kWh, tax policy for imported PV panels, and license fee decrease the attractiveness of PV investments.
Keywords
Turkey Solar Energy Photovoltaic Systems Feed-in Tariff Stated Preference Choice Experiment
References
- Adamowicz, W. & J. Louviere & J. Swait (1998), “Introduction to attribute-based stated choice methods”, NOAA-National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, Washington, USA.
- Baur, L. & M. Uriona (2018), “Diffusion of photovoltaic technology in Germany: A sustainable success or an illusion driven by guaranteed feed-in tariffs?”, Energy, 150, 289-298.
- Benli, H. (2013), “Potential of renewable energy in electrical energy production and sustainable energy development of Turkey: Performance and policies”, Renewable Energy, 50, 33-46.
- Bilgen, S. & S. Keleş & A. Kaygusuz & A. Sarı & K. Kaygusuz (2008), “Global warming and renewable energy sources for sustainable development: a case study in Turkey”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12(2), 372-396.
- Campoccia, A. & L. Dusonchet & E. Telaretti & G. Zizzo (2014), “An analysis of feed’ in tariffs for solar PV in six representative countries of the European Union”, Solar Energy, 107, 530-542.
- Castaneda, M. & S. Zapata & J. Chernic & A.J. Aristizabal & I. Dyner (2020), “The long-term effects of cautious feed-in tariff reductions onphotovoltaic generation in the UK residential sector”, Reneweable Energy, 155, 1432-1443.
- Couture, T. & Y. Gagnon (2010), “An analysis of feed-in tariff remuneration models: Implications for renewable energy investment”, Energy Policy, 38(2), 955-965.
- Couture, T.D. & K. Cory & C. Kreycik & E. Williams (2010), “Policymaker’s guide to feed-in tariff policy design”, (No. NREL/TP--6A2-44849), National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States).
- Gazete, R. (2005), 10.05.2005 tarih ve 5346 sayılı Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının Elektrik Enerjisi Üretimi Amaçlı Kullanımına İlişkin Kanun.
- Gazete, R. (2011), 6094 sayılı Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının Elektrik Enerjisi Üretimi Amaçlı Kullanımına İlişkin Kanunda Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Kanun, Resmi Gazete (27809), 20110108-20110103.
- Gornowicz, R. & R. Castro (2020), “Optimal design and economic analysis of a PV system operating under Net Metering or Feed-In-Tariff support mechanisms: A case study in Poland”, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 42, 100863.
- Gozen, M. (2014), “Renewable energy support mechanism in Turkey: Financial analysis and recommendations to policymakers”, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 4(2), 274.
- Haas, R. & C. Panzer & G. Resch & M. Ragwitz & G. Reece & A. Held (2011), “A historical review of promotion strategies for electricity from renewable energy sources in EU countries”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(2), 1003-1034.
- Holmes, T.P. & W.L. Adamowicz & P.A. Champ & K.J. Boyle & T.C. Brown (2003), A primer on non-market valuation, New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
- Jacobs, D. & B. Sovacool (2012), “Feed-in tariffs and other support mechanisms for solar PV promotion”, Comprehensive Renewable Energy, 1, 73-109.
- Klein, A. & A. Held & M. Ragwitz & G. Resch & T. Faber (2008), Evaluation of different feed-in tariff design options: Best practice paper for the International Feed-in Cooperation, Energy Economics Group & Fraunhofer Institute Systems and Innovation Research, Germany, <www.feed-in-cooperation.org/wDefault_7/download-files/research/Best_practice_Paper_3rd_edition.pdf>, 28.08.2019.
- McFadden, D. (1974), “Conditional Logit Analysis of Qualitative Choice Behavior”, in: P. Zarembka (ed.), Frontiers in Econometrics, Academic Press.
- Mendonca, M. & D. Jacobs & B.K. Sovacool (2009), Powering the green economy: The feed-in tariff handbook: Earthscan.
- Serencam, H. & U. Serencam (2013), “Toward a sustainable energy future in Turkey: An environmental perspective”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 27, 325-333.
- Simsek, H.A. & N. Simsek (2013), “Recent incentives for renewable energy in Turkey”, Energy Policy, 63, 521-530.
- Topkaya, S.O. (2012), “A discussion on recent developments in Turkey’s emerging solar power market”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(6), 3754-3765.
- Tükenmez, M. & E. Demireli (2012), “Renewable energy policy in Turkey with the new legal regulations”, Renewable Energy, 39(1), 1-9.
- Yuksel, I. & K. Kaygusuz (2011), “Renewable energy sources for clean and sustainable energy policies in Turkey”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(8), 4132-4144.
- Xin-gang, Z. & L. Pei-ling & Z. Ying (2020), “Which policy can promote renewable energy to achieve grid parity? Feed-in tariff vs. renewable portfolio standards”, Renewable Energy, 162, 322-333.
Türkiye’de Fotovoltaik Yatırımlar için Tarife Garantisi Politikasının Optimal Tasarımının Bir Analizi
Abstract
Tarife Garantisi (FIT), hükümetlerin firmalar tarafından üretilen enerjiyi almayı garanti ettiği, hükümetler ve güneş enerjisine yatırım yapan firmalar arasındaki uzun vadeli bir anlaşmadır. Bu araştırma, Türkiye’deki Fotovoltaik (PV) yatırımları için en uygun FIT tasarımını ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Yatırımcılar için yatırım tercihlerini ve her bir FIT bileşeninin parasal değerini araştırmak üzere güneş enerjisi firmaları üzerinde Seçim Deneyi bazlı bir anket yapıldı. Daha uzun sözleşme süresi olan FIT tasarımının PV yatırımları için pozitif değer yarattığını, kWh başına düşük ödeme tutarı, ithal PV panelleri için vergi politikasının ve lisans ücretinin PV yatırımlarının çekiciliğini azalttığını bulduk.
Keywords
Güneş Enerjisi Fotovoltaik Sistemler Tarife Garantisi Belirtilen Tercih Seçim Deneyi Türkiye
References
- Adamowicz, W. & J. Louviere & J. Swait (1998), “Introduction to attribute-based stated choice methods”, NOAA-National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, Washington, USA.
- Baur, L. & M. Uriona (2018), “Diffusion of photovoltaic technology in Germany: A sustainable success or an illusion driven by guaranteed feed-in tariffs?”, Energy, 150, 289-298.
- Benli, H. (2013), “Potential of renewable energy in electrical energy production and sustainable energy development of Turkey: Performance and policies”, Renewable Energy, 50, 33-46.
- Bilgen, S. & S. Keleş & A. Kaygusuz & A. Sarı & K. Kaygusuz (2008), “Global warming and renewable energy sources for sustainable development: a case study in Turkey”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12(2), 372-396.
- Campoccia, A. & L. Dusonchet & E. Telaretti & G. Zizzo (2014), “An analysis of feed’ in tariffs for solar PV in six representative countries of the European Union”, Solar Energy, 107, 530-542.
- Castaneda, M. & S. Zapata & J. Chernic & A.J. Aristizabal & I. Dyner (2020), “The long-term effects of cautious feed-in tariff reductions onphotovoltaic generation in the UK residential sector”, Reneweable Energy, 155, 1432-1443.
- Couture, T. & Y. Gagnon (2010), “An analysis of feed-in tariff remuneration models: Implications for renewable energy investment”, Energy Policy, 38(2), 955-965.
- Couture, T.D. & K. Cory & C. Kreycik & E. Williams (2010), “Policymaker’s guide to feed-in tariff policy design”, (No. NREL/TP--6A2-44849), National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States).
- Gazete, R. (2005), 10.05.2005 tarih ve 5346 sayılı Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının Elektrik Enerjisi Üretimi Amaçlı Kullanımına İlişkin Kanun.
- Gazete, R. (2011), 6094 sayılı Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının Elektrik Enerjisi Üretimi Amaçlı Kullanımına İlişkin Kanunda Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Kanun, Resmi Gazete (27809), 20110108-20110103.
- Gornowicz, R. & R. Castro (2020), “Optimal design and economic analysis of a PV system operating under Net Metering or Feed-In-Tariff support mechanisms: A case study in Poland”, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 42, 100863.
- Gozen, M. (2014), “Renewable energy support mechanism in Turkey: Financial analysis and recommendations to policymakers”, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 4(2), 274.
- Haas, R. & C. Panzer & G. Resch & M. Ragwitz & G. Reece & A. Held (2011), “A historical review of promotion strategies for electricity from renewable energy sources in EU countries”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(2), 1003-1034.
- Holmes, T.P. & W.L. Adamowicz & P.A. Champ & K.J. Boyle & T.C. Brown (2003), A primer on non-market valuation, New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
- Jacobs, D. & B. Sovacool (2012), “Feed-in tariffs and other support mechanisms for solar PV promotion”, Comprehensive Renewable Energy, 1, 73-109.
- Klein, A. & A. Held & M. Ragwitz & G. Resch & T. Faber (2008), Evaluation of different feed-in tariff design options: Best practice paper for the International Feed-in Cooperation, Energy Economics Group & Fraunhofer Institute Systems and Innovation Research, Germany, <www.feed-in-cooperation.org/wDefault_7/download-files/research/Best_practice_Paper_3rd_edition.pdf>, 28.08.2019.
- McFadden, D. (1974), “Conditional Logit Analysis of Qualitative Choice Behavior”, in: P. Zarembka (ed.), Frontiers in Econometrics, Academic Press.
- Mendonca, M. & D. Jacobs & B.K. Sovacool (2009), Powering the green economy: The feed-in tariff handbook: Earthscan.
- Serencam, H. & U. Serencam (2013), “Toward a sustainable energy future in Turkey: An environmental perspective”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 27, 325-333.
- Simsek, H.A. & N. Simsek (2013), “Recent incentives for renewable energy in Turkey”, Energy Policy, 63, 521-530.
- Topkaya, S.O. (2012), “A discussion on recent developments in Turkey’s emerging solar power market”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(6), 3754-3765.
- Tükenmez, M. & E. Demireli (2012), “Renewable energy policy in Turkey with the new legal regulations”, Renewable Energy, 39(1), 1-9.
- Yuksel, I. & K. Kaygusuz (2011), “Renewable energy sources for clean and sustainable energy policies in Turkey”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(8), 4132-4144.
- Xin-gang, Z. & L. Pei-ling & Z. Ying (2020), “Which policy can promote renewable energy to achieve grid parity? Feed-in tariff vs. renewable portfolio standards”, Renewable Energy, 162, 322-333.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | October 31, 2020 |
| Submission Date | September 23, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 28 Issue: 46 |
