Abstract
In this paper, 45# steel supports prepared by liquid forging showed excellent performances and the effects of processing techniques on the development of microstructures and mechanical properties of these steel supports were researched. The liquid forging process was simulated and technological parameters were optimized via a ProCAST simulation software. The solidification time, temperature distribution, first principal stress distribution of the 45# steel supports varied with time, temperatures, and position. Two principal parameters, pouring temperature and dwell time, were assessed for their effects on microstructures, mechanical properties, and wear resistance properties of 45# steel supports. Results showed that the optimal pouring temperature of the molten metal and the pressure-holding time were between 1540 °C and 1560 °C and between 35 s and 40 s, respectively. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and fracture behavior of different positions in the support were also discussed, and the central position performed better than the edge because of plastic deformation. Finally, the dynamic solidification process was also investigated and the liquid forging process of 45# steel supports was complex and contained some special metal liquid convection and several plastic deformation stages.
概要
目的
以45#钢支座为典型制件对钢质液态模锻制备工 艺过程进行分析与优化。研究不同工艺参数对制 件组织性能的影响,对制件不同位置的组织性能 进行探讨,优化和改善液态模锻钢制制件性能, 为钢制制件的液态模锻制备提供理论依据。
创新点
1. 利用数值模拟软件模拟分析了钢质液态模锻工 艺过程,为试验分析提供理论依据;2. 对制件不 同位置的组织性能分析,探讨了塑性变形在液态 模锻工艺过程中的影响。
方法
1. 采用ProCAST 模拟软件对45#钢液态模锻的凝 固过程、温度场及应力场的变化进行模拟(图 6~8),并对液态模锻工艺过程进行理论优化; 2. 采用单一变量法,讨论浇注温度和保压时间对 成型件的微观结构、机械性能和耐磨性的影响 (图9~12);3. 研究成型制件不同位置的微观组 织、力学性能和断裂行为(图14,16 和17), 并讨论液态模锻工艺过程中塑性变形对制件组 织性能的影响;4. 探讨分析45#钢支座的动态成 形工艺(图18),并研究45#钢的液态模锻整体 工艺过程。
结论
1. 熔融金属的最佳浇注温度和保压时间分别在 1540~1560 °C 和35~40 s 。2. 在浇注温度为 1540 °C 和保压时间为35 s 时,液态锻造制备的 45#钢支座具有最佳的组织性能;此时支座盘边 缘的抗拉强度、伸长率、维氏硬度和摩擦系数分 别为783.4 MPa、17.1%、242.7 和0.36。3. 45#钢 支座不同位置的组织性能差异不大,但由于塑性 变形的原因,中间位置的性能表现优于边缘位 置。4. 45#钢支座的液态锻造工艺过程相对较复 杂,包含不同的金属液对流和塑性变形;这些特 殊的过程导致45#钢支座的组织性能相对优异。
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Zhi-ming DU and Yong-gen SUN designed the research. Yu-shi QI and Jiao LI processed the corresponding data. Yong-gen SUN wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Li-li CHEN and Li-hua CHEN helped to organize the manuscript. Yong-gen SUN and Zhi-ming DU revised and edited the final version.
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Yong-gen SUN, Yu-shi QI, Jiao LI, Zhi-ming DU, Li-li CHEN, and Li-hua CHEN declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Project supported by the International Cooperation Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2014DFR50320) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51174064)
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Sun, Yg., Qi, Ys., Li, J. et al. Fabrication and performance analyses of 45# steel supports using liquid forging. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A 21, 908–922 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A2000012
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A2000012