Abstract
With the rapid growth of wireless broadband technologies, such as WLAN and WiMAX, quality streaming video contents are available through portable devices anytime, anywhere. The layered multicast system using scalable video codecs has been proposed as an efficient architecture for video dissemination taking account of user and link diversities. However, in the wired/wireless combined best-effort based heterogeneous IP networks which provide more fluctuation in available bandwidth and end-to-end delay, the performance of streaming systems has been greatly degraded due to frequent packet loss, resulting from either wired congestion or wireless fading/shadowing. In this paper, we present a real-time embedded packet train probing scheme for estimating end-to-end available bandwidth so as to accomplish effective congestion and error control. This is facilitated by effective classification of packet loss sources, delay trend detection algorithm and flexible transmission rate of packets. Under the proper wireless channel modelling and estimation, our layered structure can allow appropriate subscription of video layers and adaptively insert necessary amount of forward error correction (FEC) packets so as to achieve QoS optimized system for scalable video multicasting.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Floyd, S., Handley, M., Padhye, J., Widrner, J., 2000. Equation-Based Congestion Control for Unicast Applications. SIGCOMM.
Hsiao, H.F., Chindapol, A., Ritcey, J., Hwang, J.N., 2005a. Adaptive FEC Scheme for Layered Multimedia Streaming over Wired/Wireless Channels. MMSP, IEEE, p.213–216.
Hsiao, H.F., Chindapol, A., Ritcey, J., Chen, Y.C., Hwang, J.N., 2005b. A New Multimedia Packet Loss Classification Algorithm for Congestion Control over Wired/Wireless Channels. ICASSP, IEEE.
Jain, M., Dovrolis, C., 2002. Pathload: A Measurement Tool for End-to-End Available Bandwidth. Passive and Active Measurements. Fort Collins, CO.
Legout, A., Biersack, E.W., 2000. PLM: Fast Convergence for Cumulative Layered Multicast Transmission Schemes. Proceedings of ACM SIGMETRICS.
Liu, Q., 2004. Available Bandwidth Estimation and Rate-based Congestion Control in Multimedia Communication. Ph.D Dissertation, Dept. of Elect. Eng., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA.
Liu, Q., Hwang, J.N., 2003. A New Congestion Control Algorithm for Layered Multicast in Heterogeneous Multimedia Dissemination. ICME, IEEE.
Liu, Q., Yoo, J., Jang, B.T., Choi, K.H., Hwang, J.N., 2005. A scalable VideoGIS system for GPS-guided vehicles. Signal Processing Image Communication, 20(3):205–208. [doi:10.1016/j.image.2004.11.002]
Rizzo, L., 1997. Effective erasure codes for reliable computer communication protocols. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 27(2):24–36. [doi:10.1145/263876.263881]
Schäfer, R., Schwarz, H., Marpe, D., Schierl, T., Wiegand, T., 2005. MCTF and Scalability Extension of H.264/AVC and Its Application to Video Transmission, Storage, and Surveillance. Proc. VCIP 2005. Bejing, China.
Tan, W.T., Zakhor, A., 2001. Video multicast using layered FEC and scalable compression. IEEE Trans. CSVT, 11(3):373–386.
Zhang, Q., Wang, G., Xiong, Z., Zhou, J., Zhu, W., 2004. Error robust scalable audio streaming over wireless IP networks. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 6(6):897–909. [doi:10.1109/TMM.2004.837249]
Zhang, Q., Zhu, W., Zhang, Y., 2005. End-to-end QoS for video delivery over wireless Internet. Proceedings of the IEEE, 93(1):123–134. [doi:10.1109/JPROC.2004.839603]
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Huang, Cw., Hwang, Jn. An embedded packet train and adaptive FEC scheme for effective video adaptation over wireless broadband networks. J. Zhejiang Univ. - Sci. A 7, 811–818 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2006.A0811
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2006.A0811