Abstract
New technologies such as quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) have been showing some remarkable characteristics that standard complementary-metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) in deep sub-micron cannot afford. Modeling systems and designing multiple-valued logic gates with QCA have advantages that facilitate the design of complicated logic circuits. In this paper, we propose a novel creative concept for quaternary QCA (QQCA). The concept has been set in QCASim, the new simulator developed by our team exclusively for QCAs’ quaternary mode. Proposed basic quaternary logic gates such as MIN, MAX, and different types of inverters (SQI, PQI, NQI, and IQI) have been designed and verified by QCASim. This study will exemplify how fast and accurately QCASim works by its handy set of CAD tools. A 1×4 decoder is presented using our proposed main gates. Preference points such as the minimum delay, area, and complexity have been achieved in this work. QQCA main logic gates are compared with quaternary gates based on carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNFET). The results show that the proposed design is more efficient in terms of latency and energy consumption.
摘要
量子点细胞自动机 (QCA) 等新技术已展现出一些深亚微米标准互补金属氧化物半导体无法提供的显著特性. 用 QCA 进行系统建模和设计多值逻辑门, 可使复杂逻辑电路设计更加便捷. 本文提出 “四值QCA (QQCA)” 新概念. 该概念已在本团队专为四值QCA模型开发的量子点细胞自动模拟器 (QCASim) 中设定. 设计了基本四值QCA逻辑门, 如MIN、 MAX和不同类型反相器 (SQI, PQI, NQI和IQI), 并通过QCASim验证. 本文将例示QCASim如何通过其方便的CAD工具集快速而准确地工作. 采用所设计的主要门电路设计了一个1×4译码器. 基于QQCA设计的电路, 取得最小延迟、 最小面积和最低复杂度. 将QQCA主要的逻辑门与基于碳纳米管场效应晶体管 (CNFET) 的四值门进行比较, 结果表明本文所设计的电路具有更小延迟和更低能耗.
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Alireza NAVIDI and Reza SABBAGHI-NADOOSHAN designed the research. Alireza NAVIDI processed the data and drafted the manuscript. Reza SABBAGHI-NADOOSHAN helped organize the manuscript. Reza SABBAGHI-NADOOSHAN and Massoud DOUSTI revised and finalized the paper.
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Alireza NAVIDI, Reza SABBAGHI-NADOOSHAN, and Massoud DOUSTI declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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Navidi, A., Sabbaghi-Nadooshan, R. & Dousti, M. A creative concept for designing and simulating quaternary logic gates in quantum-dot cellular automata. Front Inform Technol Electron Eng 22, 1541–1550 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2000590
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2000590
Key words
- Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA)
- Quaternary logic
- QCASim
- Quaternary QCA (QQCA)
- Quaternary decoder
- Quaternary gates