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Rapid Phenotypic Divergence of Feral Rye from Domesticated Cereal Rye

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jutta C. Burger ,
Jodie M. Holt  and
Norman C. Ellstrand
Jutta C. Burger*
Affiliation:
Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
Jodie M. Holt
Affiliation:
Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
Norman C. Ellstrand
Affiliation:
Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Biotechnology Impacts Center, Center for Conservation Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: jburger@plantbio.uga.edu
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Abstract

Feral rye is an agricultural and ruderal weed of the western United States. We investigated how it has phenotypically diverged from its cultivated ancestor, domesticated cereal rye, and across its range since the introduction of its progenitor. Vegetative growth, flowering phenology, and reproductive characters of feral populations from across a 13° range in latitude in the northwestern United States were compared to that of rye cultivars under both vernalized (cold-treated) and nonvernalized conditions. Feral populations as a whole had smaller seeds, thinner culms, and a delay in flowering relative to cultivars, regardless of cold treatment. Vernalized feral populations from northern latitudes (northern California and eastern Washington) produced more, but smaller leaves and more tillers than both vernalized rye cultivars and southern California feral populations. Northern feral populations also flowered significantly later, irrespective of vernalization treatment. We conclude that feral rye is phenotypically distinct from domesticated cereal rye and that feral populations have diverged regionally from one another. Reproductive isolation from domesticated rye, due both to the loss in popularity of the crop and to phenological shifts in feral rye relative to cultivars, may be contributing to the rapid evolution of this weed away from its domesticated ancestor in less than 120 yr since its introduction.

Keywords

Feral rye, Secale cereale L., SECCEVolunteer ryeweed evolutionphotoperiodismvernalizationearliness per sephenologylocal adaptation
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 55 , Issue 3 , June 2007 , pp. 204 - 211
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Current address: Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.

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