Epidemiologie und Prophylaxe der Leptospirose beim Hund

 

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Zusammenfassung

Die Leptospirose ist eine Zoonose mit steigender Prävalenz bei Hunden und Menschen in Deutschland. Die verschiedenen Leptospiren-Serovare haben unterschiedliche Pathogenität. Auch gesunde infizierte Hunde scheiden Leptospiren über den Urin aus und stellen somit ein Infektionsrisiko für Menschen und andere Tiere dar. Die Impfung ist die wichtigste Maßnahme zum Schutz; sie verhindert nicht nur die Krankheit beim Hund, sondern vermindert auch die Ausscheidung von Leptospiren über den Urin. Für einen möglichst umfassenden Impfschutz sollten tetravalente Impfstoffe verwendet werden, die Serovare der in der Region relevanten Serogruppen enthalten. Die Verbreitung der Erreger kann durch die weite Anwendung dieser Impfstoffe reduziert werden. Eine ausführliche Besitzeraufklärung über das zoonotische Potenzial der Leptospirose und geeignete Hygienemaßnahmen beim Umgang mit infizierten Hunden und Hundeurin sind essenziell.

Summary

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with increasing prevalence in dogs and humans. The various Leptospira serovars display different pathogenicity. Even healthy infected dogs can shed leptospires with their urine and thus, represent a risk for humans and other animals. Vaccination is the most important measure for prevention; it not only prevents disease in dogs, but also reduces shedding of leptospires in urine. For comprehensive protection through vaccination, tetravalent vaccines containing serovars of the serogroups relevant in the corresponding region should be used. The spread of the pathogen can be reduced by a wide application of these vaccines. A detailed owner education about the zoonotic potential of the infection and appropriate hygiene measures when handling the infected dog and its urine are essen tial.

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