Abstract
The linear and nonlinear mechanical properties of recombinant protein polymer networks are reviewed, with particular emphasis on how to tune elastic and dissipative behavior through selection of cross-linking strategy. The design strategies used to produce modular recombinant protein polymer networks through chemical or physical cross-linking will be discussed. In particular, we will highlight how key parameters such as polymer concentration, molecular weight, architecture, cross-link density, and association strength influence mechanics of protein polymer networks. Tuning these parameters enables control of viscoelastic properties and formation of materials with applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and sustainable self-healing materials.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
L. Li, M.B. Charati, K.L. Kiick, Polym. Chem. 1 (8), 1160 (2010).
C. Yan, D.J. Pochan, Chem. Soc. Rev. 39 (9), 3528 (2010).
Y. Li, B. Xue, Y. Cao, ACS Macro Lett. 9 (4), 512 (2020).
L.J. Dooling, D.A. Tirrell, ACS Cent. Sci. (2016), doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.6b00205.
C.-Y. Lin, J.C. Liu, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 40, 56 (2016).
Y.J. Yang, A.L. Holmberg, B.D. Olsen, Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng. 8 (1), 549 (2017).
R.L. DiMarco, S.C. Heilshorn, Adv. Mater. 24 (29), 3923 (2012).
T.Z. Grove, L. Regan, Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 22 (4), 451 (2012).
K.S. Straley, S.C. Heilshorn, Soft Matter (2009), doi: https://doi.org/10.1039/b808504h.
M. Rubinstein, R.H. Colby, Polymer Physics (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 2003).
O. Chaudhuri, Biomater. Sci. 5 (8), 1480 (2017).
F. Chambon, H.H. Winter, Polym. Bull. 13 (6), (1985).
D. Stauffer, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2 72, 1354 (1976).
W.H. Stockmayer, J. Chem. Phys. 11 (2), 45 (1943).
P.J. Flory, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 63 (11), 3083 (1941).
P.G. De Gennes, J. Phys. Lett. 37 (1), 1 (1976).
W.H. Stockmayer, J. Chem. Phys. 12 (4), 125 (1944).
P.J. Flory, Principles of Polymer Chemistry (Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 1953).
P.C. Hiemenz, T.P. Lodge, Polymer Chemistry, 2nd ed. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2007), doi: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420018271.
R.G. Larson, The Structure and Rheology of Complex Fluids (Oxford University Press, New York, 1999).
Z. Zhang, Q. Chen, R.H. Colby, Soft Matter 14 (16), 2961 (2018).
C.P. Broedersz, F.C. MacKintosh, Rev. Mod. Phys. 86 (3), 995 (2014).
L. Cai, S.C. Heilshorn, Acta Biomater. 10 (4), 1751 (2014).
S.R. MacEwan, A. Chilkoti, Biopolymers 94 (1), 60 (2010).
H. Li, Y. Cao, Acc. Chem. Res. 43 (10), 1331 (2010).
D.E. Meyer, A. Chilkoti, Biomacromolecules 5 (3), 846 (2004).
H. Betre, L.A. Setton, D.E. Meyer, A. Chilkoti, Biomacromolecules 3 (5), 910 (2002).
C.M. Madl, L.M. Katz, S.C. Heilshorn, Adv. Funct. Mater. 26 (21), 3612 (2016).
K. Di Zio, D.A. Tirrell, Macromolecules 36 (5), 1553 (2003).
P.J. Nowatzki, D.A. Tirrell, Biomaterials 25 (7), 1261 (2004).
C. Chung, E. Anderson, R.R. Pera, B.L. Pruitt, S.C. Heilshorn, Soft Matter 8 (39), 10141 (2012).
C. Chung, K.J. Lampe, S.C. Heilshorn, Biomacromolecules 13 (12), 3912 (2012).
Y.-N. Zhang, R.K. Avery, Q. Vallmajo-Martin, A. Assmann, A. Vegh, A. Memic, B.D. Olsen, N. Annabi, A. Khademhosseini, Adv. Funct. Mater. 25 (30), 4814 (2015).
D.W. Lim, D.L. Nettles, L.A. Setton, A. Chilkoti, Biomacromolecules 8 (5), 1463 (2007).
K. Trabbic-Carlson, L.A. Setton, A. Chilkoti, Biomacromolecules 4 (3), 572 (2003).
D.W. Lim, D.L. Nettles, L.A. Setton, A. Chilkoti, Biomacromolecules 9 (1), 222 (2008).
R.E. Sallach, W. Cui, J. Wen, A. Martinez, V.P. Conticello, E.L. Chaikof, Biomaterials 30 (3), 409 (2009).
D.W. Urry, C.H. Luan, T.M. Parker, D. Channe Gowde, K.U. Prasad, M.C. Reid, A. Safavy, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113 (11), 4346 (1991).
C.M. Elvin, A.G. Carr, M.G. Huson, J.M. Maxwell, R.D. Pearson, T. Vuocolo, N.E. Liyou, D.C.C. Wong, D.J. Merritt, N.E. Dixon, Nature 437 (7061), 999 (2005).
R.E. Lyons, K.M. Nairn, M.G. Huson, M. Kim, G. Dumsday, C.M. Elvin, Biomacromolecules 10 (11), 3009 (2009).
M.B. Charati, J.L. Ifkovits, J.A. Burdick, J.G. Linhardt, K.L. Kiick, Soft Matter 5 (18), 3412 (2009).
L. Li, S. Teller, R.J. Clifton, X. Jia, K.L. Kiick, Biomacromolecules 12 (6), 2302 (2011).
L. Li, A. Mahara, Z. Tong, E.A. Levenson, C.L. McGann, X. Jia, T. Yamaoka, K.L. Kiick, Adv. Healthc. Mater. 5 (2), 266 (2016).
C.L. McGann, R.E. Akins, K.L. Kiick, Biomacromolecules 17 (1), 128 (2016).
Y. Cao, H. Li, Nat. Mater. 6 (2), 109 (2007).
J. Fang, H. Li, Langmuir 28 (21), 8260 (2012).
J. Fang, A. Mehlich, N. Koga, J. Huang, R. Koga, X. Gao, C. Hu, C. Jin, M. Rief, J. Kast, D. Baker, H. Li, Nat. Commun. 4 (1), 2974 (2013).
M.A. da Silva, S. Lenton, M. Hughes, D.J. Brockwell, L. Dougan, Biomacromolecules 18 (2), 636 (2017).
S. Lv, D.M. Dudek, Y. Cao, M.M. Balamurali, J. Gosline, H. Li, Nature 465 (7294), 69 (2010).
S. Lv, T. Bu, J. Kayser, A. Bausch, H. Li, Acta Biomater. 9 (5), 6481 (2013).
M. Guvendiren, H.D. Lu, J.A. Burdick, Soft Matter 8 (2), 260 (2012).
W.A. Petka, J.L. Harden, K.P. McGrath, D. Wirtz, D.A. Tirrell, Science 281 (5375), 389 (1998).
H. Wang, S.C. Heilshorn, Adv. Mater. 27 (25), 3717 (2015).
J. Kopeček, J. Yang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51 (30), 7396 (2012).
J.C.M. van Hest, D.A. Tirrell, Chem. Commun. 19, 1897 (2001).
S. Banta, I.R. Wheeldon, M. Blenner, Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (2010), doi: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-070909-105334.
C. Xu, V. Breedveld, J. Kopeček, Biomacromolecules 6 (3), 1739 (2005).
W. Shen, K. Zhang, J.A. Kornfield, D.A. Tirrell, Nat. Mater. 5 (2), 153 (2006).
W. Shen, J.A. Kornfield, D.A. Tirrell, Soft Matter 3 (1), 99 (2007).
H. Teles, P.J. Skrzeszewska, M.W.T. Werten, J. van der Gucht, G. Eggink, F.A. de Wolf, Soft Matter 6 (19), 4681 (2010).
T. Annable, R. Buscall, R. Ettelaie, D. Whittlestone, J. Rheol. (N.Y.N.Y.). 37 (4), 695 (1993).
W. Shen, J.A. Kornfield, D.A. Tirrell, Macromolecules 40 (3), 689 (2007).
B.D. Olsen, J.A. Kornfield, D.A. Tirrell, Macromolecules (2010), doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/ma101434a.
M.K. Sing, M.J. Glassman, X.T. Vronay-Ruggles, W.R. Burghardt, B.D. Olsen, Soft Matter 13 (45), 8511 (2017).
W. Sun, T. Duan, Y. Cao, H. Li, Biomacromolecules (2019), doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01114.
L.J. Dooling, M.E. Buck, W.-B. Zhang, D.A. Tirrell, Adv. Mater. 28 (23), 4651 (2016).
H.D. Lu, M.B. Charati, I.L. Kim, J.A. Burdick, Biomaterials 33 (7), 2145 (2012).
X. Zhang, X. Chu, L. Wang, H. Wang, G. Liang, J. Zhang, J. Long, Z. Yang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51 (18), 4388 (2012).
J. Wu, P. Li, C. Dong, H. Jiang, B. Xue, X. Gao, M. Qin, W. Wang, B. Chen, Y. Cao, Nat. Commun. 9 (1), 620 (2018).
F. Ito, K. Usui, D. Kawahara, A. Suenaga, T. Maki, S. Kidoaki, H. Suzuki, M. Taiji, M. Itoh, Y. Hayashizaki, T. Matsuda, Biomaterials 31 (1), 58 (2010).
S. Tang, M. Wang, B.D. Olsen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137 (11), 3946 (2015).
C.E.R. Edwards, D.J. Mai, S. Tang, B.D. Olsen, Phys. Rev. Mater. 4 (1), 015602 (2020).
S. Tang, M.J. Glassman, S. Li, S. Socrate, B.D. Olsen, Macromolecules 47 (2), 791 (2014).
C.T.S. Wong Po Foo, J.S. Lee, W. Mulyasasmita, A. Parisi-Amon, S.C. Heilshorn, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106 (52), 22067 (2009).
W. Mulyasasmita, J.S. Lee, S.C. Heilshorn, Biomacromolecules 12 (10), 3406 (2011).
W. Mulyasasmita, L. Cai, R.E. Dewi, A. Jha, S.D. Ullmann, R.H. Luong, N.F. Huang, S.C. Heilshorn, J. Control. Release 191, 71 (2014).
T.Z. Grove, C.O. Osuji, J.D. Forster, E.R. Dufresne, L. Regan, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 (40), 14024 (2010).
T.Z. Grove, J. Forster, G. Pimienta, E. Dufresne, L. Regan, Biopolymers 97 (7), 508 (2012).
C. Müller, A. Müller, T. Pompe, Soft Matter 9 (27), 6207 (2013).
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank J. Conrad and J. Palmer for revising the manuscript. A.B.M. would like to thank V. Bunker for fruitful discussions. This work was supported by The Welch Foundation (C-2003–20190330).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shi, W.H., Pathiranage, T.M.S.K. & Marciel, A.B. Rheological properties of engineered protein polymer networks. MRS Bulletin 45, 1048–1054 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2020.300
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2020.300