Abstract
A study has been made of microstructure and hardness of machining chips created from commercially pure iron and carbon steels. Large shear strains imposed during chip formation in machining are found to produce significant microstructure refinement in the chips, resulting in higher hardness compared to the bulk. Transmission electron and scanning electron microscopy have shown the chips to consist entirely of ultra-fine grain structures with ferrite grain sizes in the range of 100–800 nm. With high carbon steels, the microstructure of the bulk material prior to machining is also seen to have a significant influence on the characteristics of the chip.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G. Langford and M. Cohen, Trans. ASME 62, 623 (1969).
J. D. Embury and R. M. Fisher, Acta. Metall. 14, 147 (1966).
H. J. Fecht, E. Hellstern, Z. Fu and W. L. Johnson, Metall. Trans. A21(9), 2333 (1990).
V. M. Segal, V. I. Reznikov, A. E. Drobyshevskiy and V. Kopylov, Russ. Metall. 1, 99 (1981).
R. Z. Valiev, R. K. Islamgaliev, and I. V. Alexandrov, Prog. Mater. Sci. 45, 103 (2000).
T. L. Brown, S. Swaminathan, S. Chandrasekar, W. D. Compton, A. H. King and K. P. Trumble, J. Mater. Res. 17(10), 2484 (2002).
T. L. Brown, S. Swaminathan, B. C. Rao, R. F. Kezar, S. Chandrasekar, W. D. Compton, K. P. Trumble and A. H. King in Ultrafine Grained Materials III edited by Y. T. Zhu, T. G. Langdon, R. Z. Valiev, S. L. Semiatin, D. H. Shin and T. C. Lowe, (TMS (The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 2004)) pp 167–172.
S. Swaminathan, T. L. Brown, M. Ravi Shankar, B. C. Rao, K. P. Trumble, W. D. Compton and S. Chandrasekar in Ultrafine Grained Materials III edited by Y. T. Zhu, T. G. Langdon, R. Z. Valiev, S. L. Semiatin, D. H. Shin and T. C. Lowe, (TMS (The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 2004)) pp 161–166.
M. C. Shaw, Metal Cutting Principles, (Oxford University Press, 1984).
J. Languillaume, G. Kapelski and B. Baudelet, Mater. Lett. 33, 241 (1997). =====S1946427400594433a.dta
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the Ford Motor Company, State of Indiana 21st Century Research and Technology Fund and DOE/Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for support of this work. Additional thanks are also due to Drs. Andrew Sherman (Ford) and Ray Johnson (ORNL) for their encouragement of this work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Swaminathan, S., Swanson, C., Brown, T.L. et al. Microstructural Refinement in Steels by Machining. MRS Online Proceedings Library 821, 324–329 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-821-P9.5
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-821-P9.5