Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bulk Glass-Forming Metallic Alloys: Science and Technology [1998 Mrs Medal Award Lecture, Presented at Symposium Mm]

  • Published:
MRS Online Proceedings Library Aims and scope

Abstract

The paper begins with some brief remarks about the history and background of the field of bulk glass-forming metallic alloys. This is followed by a discussion of multicomponent glass-forming alloys and deep eutectics, the chemical constitution of these new alloys, and how they differ from metallic glasses of a decade ago or earlier. The development of bulk glass forming alloys has led to interesting studies of the deeply undercooled liquid alloys, which are made possible by the exceptional stability with respect to crystallization. Recent advances made in this area will be illustrated by several examples. The paper continues with a discussion of some of the physical properties of bulk metallic glasses. Mechanical properties are specifically discussed. Some interesting potential applications of bulk metallic glasses will be mentioned.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. W. Clement, R.H. Willens, and P. Duwez, Nature, 187, 869 (1960)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. H.S. Chen and D. Turnbull, J. Chem. Phys., 48, 2560 (1968)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. H.S. Chen and D. Turnbull, Acta Metall., 17, 1021 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. D. Turnbull and J.C. Fisher, J. Chem. Phys., 17, 71 (1949); also D. Turnbull, J. Chem. Phys., 18, 198 (1950)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. for a review of melt spinning and planar flow casting technology, see S. Kavsesh, in “Metallic Glasses”, (ASM International, Metals Park, Ohio, 1978), Chapter 2

    Google Scholar 

  6. H.S. Chen, Acta Metall., 22, 1505 (1974)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. A.L. Drehman, A.L. Greer, and D. Turnbull, Appl. Phys. Lett., 41716 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  8. H.W. Kui, A.L. Greer, and D. Turnbull, Appl. Phys. Lett., 45, 615 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. A. Inoue, H. Yamaguchi, T. Zhang, et. al., Mater Trans., JIM, 31, 104 (1990); also A. Inoue, T. Zhang, and T. Masumoto, Mater. Trans., JIM, 30, 965 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. A. Inoue, T. Nakamura, N. Nishiyama, and T. Masumoto, Mater. Trans., JIM, 33, 937 (1992); also A. Inoue, T. Nakamura, T. Sugita, T. Zhang, and T. Masumoto, Mater. Trans., JIM, 34, 351 (1993)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. A. Inoue, A. Kato, T. Zhang, et. al., Mater. Trans., JIM, 32, 609 (1991)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. A. Inoue, Mater. Trans., JIM, 36, 866 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. A. Inoue, T. Zhang, and T. Masumoto, Mater. Trans., JIM, 31, 177 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. A. Inoue, T. Zhang, N. Nishiyama, et. al., Mater. Trans., JIM, 34, 1234 (1993)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. A. Peker and W.L. Johnson, Appl. Phys. Lett., 63, 2342 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. A. Peker and W.L. Johnson, U.S. Patent No. 5,288,344, issued Feb. 1994; also see A. Peker, “Formation and Characterization of Bulk Metallic Glasses”, Ph.D. Thesis, Calif. Inst. of Tech. (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  17. X.H. Lin and W.L. Johnson, J. Appl. Phys., 78, 6514 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Y.J. Kim, R. Busch, W.L. Johnson, et. al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 65, 2136 (1994); also Y.J. Kim, R. Busch, W.L. Johnson, et. al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 68, 1057 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. R.B. Schwarz and Y. He, Mater. Sci. Forum, 235, 231 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  20. N. Nishiyama and A. Inoue, Mater. Trans., JIM, 37, 1531 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. T. Egami and Y. Waseda, J. Non Cryst. Sol., 64, 113(

  22. T. Egami, Mat. Sci. and Eng. A, 226, 261 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. M. Li and W.L Johnson, Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, 1120 (1993)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. H.J. Fecht, P. Desre, and W.L. Johnson, Philos. Mag., 59, 577 (1989

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. W. Hume-Rothery, “The Structure of Metals and Alloys”, (The Inst. of Metals, London, 1956) p. 101

    Google Scholar 

  26. L.E. Tanner, Acta Metall., 27, 1727 (1979)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. X.H. Lin, “Bulk Metallic Glass Formation and Crystallization of Zr-Ti-based Alloys”, Ph.D. Thesis, Calif. Inst. of Tech., (1997))

    Google Scholar 

  28. W.K. Rhim, Rev. Sci. Instr., 64, 2961 (1993)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. R. Busch, Y.J. Kim, S. Schneider, and W.L. Johnson, Mater. Sci. Forum, 225, 77 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. H.A. Davies, 33rd Int. Conf. On Rapid Quenching, ed. B. Cantor (The Metals Society, London, 1978) p. 1

    Google Scholar 

  31. H.A. Davies, Phys. Chem. Glasses, 17, 159 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. A. Masuhr, “Viscous Flow and Crystallization of Bulk Metallic Glass Forming Liquids, Ph.D. Thesis, Calif. Inst. of Tech., (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  33. A. Masuhr, T.A. Waniuk, R. Busch, and W.L. Johnson, Phys. Rev. Lett., 82, 2290 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. R. Busch, S. Schneider, A. Peker, and W.L. Johnson, Appl. Phys. Lett., 67, 1544 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. M.K. Miller, K.F. Russel, P.M. Martin, R. Busch, and W.L. Johnson, J Phys. IV, 6, 217 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  36. S. Schneider, U. Geyer, P. Thiyagarajan, and W.L. Johnson, Mater. Sci. Forum, 225, 59 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. S. Schneider, U. Geyer, P. Thiyagarajan, and W.L. Johnson, Mater. Sci. Forum, 235, 337 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  38. R. Busch and W.L. Johnson, Appl. Phys. Lett., 72, 2695 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. R. Busch, W. Liu, and W.L Johnson, J. Appl. Phys., 83, 4134 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. W. Liu, W.L. Johnson, S. Schneider, U. Geyer, and P. Thiyagarajan, Phys. Rev. B, 59, 11755 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Wenshan Liu, “Formation and Characterization of Mg-based Bulk Metallic Glasses and Nanocrystalline Materials”, Ph.D.Thesis, Calif. Inst. of Tech., (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  42. P.J. Desre, Mater. Trans. JIM, 38, 583 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. P.J. Desre, MRS Symp. Proceeding, Symposium MM “Bulk Metallic Glasses”, in press (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  44. X.H. Lin, W.L. Johnson, and W.K. Rhim, Mater. Trans. JIM, 38, 473 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. X. Lin, “Bulk Glass Formation and Crystallization of Zr-Ti-based Alloys, Ph.D. thesis, Calif. Inst. of Tech., (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  46. E. Bakke, R. Busch, and W.L. Johnson, Appl. Phys. Lett., 67, 3260 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. E. Bakke, R. Busch, and W.L. Johnson, Mater. Sci. Forum, 225, 95 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. R. Busch and W.L. Johnson, Mater. Sci. Forum, 269, 577 (1998); also R. Busch, A. Masuhr, E. Bakke, and W.L. Johnson, Mater. Sci. Forum, 269, 547 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. R. Busch, E. Bakke, and W.L. Johnson, Acta Mater., 46, 4725 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. T.A. Waniuk, R. Busch, A. Masuhr, and W.L. Johnson, Acta Mater., 46, 5229 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. H.S. Chen and M. Goldstein, J. Appl. Phys., 43, 1642 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. A.l. Taub and F. Spaepen, Acta Metall. Mater., 28, 633 (53. C.A. Volkert and F. Spaepen, Acta Metall. Mater., 37, 1355 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. C.A. Angell, Science, 267, 1924 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. C.A. Angell, B.E. Richards, and V. Velikov, Phys. Cond. Mater., 11, A75-A94, (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. F. Spaepen and D. Turnbull, in Rapidly Quenched Metals II, ed. by N.J. Grant and B.C. Giessen, (MIT Press, Boston, 1976), p. 20557. H.A. Davies, in Rapidly Quenched Metals III, ed. by B. Cantor, (Chameleon Press, London, 1978) p.

    Google Scholar 

  56. U. Geyer, S. Schneider, W.L. Johnson, et. al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 75, 2364 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. U. Geyer, W.L. Johnson, S. Schneider, et. al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 69, 2492 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. F. Wenwer, K. Knorr, M.P. Macht, et. al., Defect Diffusion Forum, 143, 831 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. W. Dorner and H. Mehrer, Phys. Rev. B, 44, 101 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. A. Masuhr, T.A. Waniuk, R. Busch, and W.L. Johnson, Phys. Rev. Lett., 82, 2290 (1999): also A. Masuhr, R. Busch, and W.L Johnson, MRS Symp. Proc., Symp. MM, “Bulk Metallic Glasses” (MRS, Boston, 1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. C.A. Angell, Chem. Rev., 90, 523 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. M.E. Ediger, C.A. Angell, and S.R. Nagel, J. Phys. Chem., 100, 13200 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. U. Geyer, W.L. Johnson, S. Schneider, Y. Qiu, T.A. Tombrello, and M.P. Macht, Appl. Phys. Lett., 69, 2492 (1996

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. A. Meyer, J. Wuttke, W. Petry, et. al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 80, 4454 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. H.A. Bruck, T. Christman, A.J. Rosakis, and W.L. Johnson, Scripta Metall., 30, 429 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. R.D. Conner, A.J. Rosakis, W.L. Johnson, et. al., Scripta Mater., 37, 1373 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. C.J. Gilbert, R.O. Ritchie, and W.L Johnson, Appl. Phys. Lett., 71, 476 (1997

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. P. Lowhaphandu, and J.J. Lewandowski, Scripta Meter., 38, 1811 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Y. Leng and T.H. Courtney, J. Mater. Sci., 26, 588 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. R.B. Dandliker, R.D. Conner, and W.L. Johnson, J. Mater. Res., 13, 2896 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. H. Choi-Yim and W.L. Johnson, Appl. Phys. Lett., 71, 3808 (1997) 74. R.D. Conner, R.B. Dandliker, and W.L. Johnson, Acta Meter., 46, 6089 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. H. Choi-Yim, “Synthesis and Characterization of Bulk Metallic Glass Matrix Composites”, Ph.D. thesis, Calif. Inst. of Tech., (1999) 76. H. Choi-Yim, R. Busch, and W.L. Johnson, J. Appl. Phys., 83, 7993 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  73. R.B. Dandliker “Bulk Metallic Glass Matrix Composites: Processing, Microstructure, and Applications as a Kinetic Energy Penetrator”, Ph.D. Thesis, Calif. Inst. of Tech., (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  74. R.D. Conner, “Characterization and Mechanical Behavior of Bulk Metallic Glass Matrix Composites, Ph.D. Thesis, Calif. Inst. of Tech., (1998) Conner thesis

    Google Scholar 

  75. see article by S. Ashley, “Metallic Glasses Bulk Up”, in Mechanical Engineering, June 1998, p. 73

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Keck Laboratory of Engineering, 138-78, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA

    William L. Johnson

Authors
  1. William L. Johnson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Johnson, W.L. Bulk Glass-Forming Metallic Alloys: Science and Technology [1998 Mrs Medal Award Lecture, Presented at Symposium Mm]. MRS Online Proceedings Library 554, 311–339 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-554-311

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-554-311

Search

Navigation