Improved Fabrication Technique for Microstructured Solid-State Neutron Detectors

Abstract

Microstructured semiconductor neutron detectors have superior efficiency performance over thin-film coated planar semiconductor detectors. The microstructured detectors have patterns deeply etched into the semiconductor substrates subsequently backfilled with neutron reactive materials. The detectors operate aspn junction diodes. Two variations of the diodes have been fabricated, which either have a rectifyingpn junction selectively formed around the etched microstructures or havepn junctions conformally diffused inside the microstructures. The devices with thepn junctions formed in the perforations have lower leakage currents and better signal formation than the devices with selectivepn junctions around the etched patterns. Further, pulse height spectra from conformally diffused detectors have the main features predicted by theoretical models, whereas pulse height spectra from the selectively diffused detectors generally do not show these features. The improved performance of the conformal devices is attributed to stronger and more uniform electric fields in the detector active region. Also, system noise, which is directly related to leakage current, has been dramatically reduced as a result of the conformal diffusion fabrication technique. A sinusoidal patterned device with 100 μm deep perforations backfilled with⁶LiF was determined to have 11.9 ± 0.078% intrinsic detection efficiency for 0.0253 eV neutrons, as calibrated with thin-film planar semiconductor devices and a³He proportional counter.