Skip to main content
Log in

Thermochemistry of nanoparticles on a substrate: Zinc oxide on amorphous silica

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Crystalline samples of zinc oxide on a mesoporous amorphous silica substrate were prepared by 5 to 15 atomic layer deposition cycles with diethyl zinc and water at 150 °C. Samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms. High-temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry and water adsorption calorimetry experiments were performed to measure surface enthalpy for crystalline ZnO particles supported on the substrate. The measured enthalpies 1.23 ± 0.35 and 2.07 ± 0.59 J/m2 for hydrous and anhydrous surfaces, respectively, are in agreement with previously reported measurements for unsupported ZnO nanoparticles. Feasibility of thermochemical characterization of complex system of atomic layer deposition (ALD) prepared particles on a substrate was demonstrated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

TABLE I.
FIG. 1
FIG. 2
TABLE II.
FIG. 3
TABLE III.
TABLE IV.
FIG. 4
FIG. 5
FIG. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. L. Wang, K. Vu, A. Navrotsky, R. Stevens, B.F. Woodfield J. Boerio-Goates: Calorimetric study: Surface energetics and the magnetic transition in nanocrystalline CoO. Chem. Mater. 16, 5394 2004

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. R.H.R. Castro, S.V. Ushakov, L. Gengembre, D. Gouvea A. Navrotsky: Surface energy and thermodynamic stability of γ-alumina. Effect of dopants and water. Chem. Mater. 18, 1867 2006

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. M.W. Pitcher, S.V. Ushakov, A. Navrotsky, B.F. Woodfield, G. Li, J. Boerio-Goates B.M. Tissue: Energy crossovers in nanocrystalline zirconia. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 88, 160 2005

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. A.A. Levchenko, G. Li, J. Boerio-Goates, B.F. Woodfield A. Navrotsky: TiO2 stability landscape: Polymorphism, surface energy, and bound water energetics. Chem. Mater. 18, 6324 2006

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. L. Mazeina A. Navrotsky: Surface enthalpy of goethite. Clays Clay Miner. 53(2), 113 2005

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. L. Mazeina, S. Deore A. Navrotsky: Energetics of bulk and nano-akaganeite, β-FeOOH: Enthalpy of formation, surface enthalpy, and enthalpy of water adsorption. Chem. Mater. 18, 1830 2006

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. J. Majzlan, L. Mazeina A. Navrotsky: Enthalpy of water adsorption and surface enthalpy of lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH). Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 71, 615 2007

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. L. Mazeina A. Navrotsky: Enthalpy of water adsorption and surface enthalpy of goethite (α-FeOOH) and hematite (α-Fe2O3). Chem. Mater. 19, 825 2007

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. P. Zhang, F. Xu, A. Navrotsky, J-S. Lee, S. Kim J. Liu: Surface enthalpies of nanophase ZnO with different morphologies. Chem. Mater. 19, 5687 2007

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. S.V. Ushakov, A. Navrotsky, Y. Yang, S. Stemmer, K. Kukli, M. Ritala, M.A. Leskelae, P. Fejes, A. Demkov, C. Wang, B-Y. Nguyen, D. Triyoso P. Tobin: Crystallization in hafnia- and zirconia-based systems. Phys. Status Solidi B 241, 2268 2004

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. J.A. Libera, J.W. Elam M.J. Pellin: Conformal ZnO coatings on high surface area silica gel using atomic layer deposition. Thin Solid Films (in press

  12. J.M. Thomas R. Raja: Catalytic significance of organometallic compounds immobilized on mesoporous silica: Economically and environmentally important examples. J. Organomettal. Chem. 689, 4110 2004

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. F-S. Xiao: Ordered mesoporous materials with improved stability and catalytic activity. Top. Catal. 35, 9 2005

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. J.H. Clark, D.J. MacQuarrie S.J. Tavener: The application of modified mesoporous silicas in liquid phase catalysis. Dalton Trans. 36, 4297 2006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. M. Kurtz, H. Wilmer, T. Genger, O. Hinrichsen M. Muhler: Deactivation of supported copper catalysts for methanol synthesis. Catal. Lett. 86, 77 2003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. S. Polarz, J. Strunk, V. Ischenko, M. Van den Berg, O. Hinrichsen, M. Muhler M. Driess: On the role of oxygen defects in the catalytic performance of zinc oxide. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 45, 2965 2006

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. J. Tabatabaei, B.H. Sakakini K.C. Waugh: On the mechanism of methanol synthesis and the water-gas shift reaction on ZnO. Catal. Lett. 110, 77 2006

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. S. Brunauer, D.L. Kantro C.H. Weise: The surface energies [enthalpies] of amorphous silica and hydrous amorphous silica. Can. J. Chem. 34, 1483 1956

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. J.W. Elam, M.D. Groner S.M. George: Viscous flow reactor with quartz crystal microbalance for thin film growth by atomic layer deposition. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73, 2981 2002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. J.M. Jensen, A.B. Oelkers, R. Toivola, D.C. Johnson, J.W. Elam S.M. George: X-ray reflectivity characterization of ZnO/Al2O3 multilayers prepared by atomic layer deposition. Chem. Mater. 14, 2276 2002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. J.W. Elam S.M. George: Growth of ZnO/Al2O3 alloy films using atomic layer deposition techniques. Chem. Mater. 15, 1020 2003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. A. Navrotsky: Progress and new directions in high temperature calorimetry. Phys. Chem. Miner. 2, 289 1977

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. A. Navrotsky: Progress and new directions in high temperature calorimetry revisited. Phys. Chem. Miner. 24, 222 1997

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. S. Brunauer, P.H. Emmett E. Teller: Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60, 309 1938

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. E.P. Barret, L.G. Joyner P.B. Halenda: The determination of pore volume and area distributions in porous substances. I. Computations from nitrogen isotherms. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73, 373 1951

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. S.V. Ushakov A. Navrotsky: Direct measurements of water adsorption enthalpy on hafnia and zirconia. Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 164103 2005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. J. Rououerolt, D. Avnir, C.W. Fairbridge, D.H. Everett, J.H. Haynes, N. Pernicone, J.D.F. Ramsay, K.S.W. Sing K.K. Unger: Recommendations for the characterization of porous solids. Pure Appl. Chem. 66, 1739 1994

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. M.A. Rodriguez, A. Navrotsky F. Licci: Thermochemistry of YBa2Cu3−xMxOy (M = Ni, Zn). Phys. C 329, 88 2000

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. P.D. Maniar, A. Navrotsky C.W. Draper: Thermochemistry of the amorphous system silicon dioxide-germanium dioxide: Comparison of flame hydrolysis materials to high temperature fused glasses in Optical Fiber Materials and Processing, edited by J.W. Fleming, G.H. Sigel, Jr., S. Takahashi, and P.W. France, (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 172, Pittsburgh, PA, 1990) p. 15

    Google Scholar 

  30. R.A. Robie B.S. Hemingway: US Geol. Surv. Bull., Washington, DC 2131 1995

    Google Scholar 

  31. R.G. Gast, E.R. Landa G.W. Meyer: Interaction of water with goethite (α-FeOOH) and amorphous hydrated ferric oxide surfaces. Clays Clay Miner. 22, 31 1974

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by Department of Energy (DOE) grant DE-FG0301ER15237. Some of this research was performed at Argonne National Laboratory, a United States Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 by UChicago, Argonne, LLC.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alexandra Navrotsky.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Shvareva, T.Y., Ushakov, S.V., Navrotsky, A. et al. Thermochemistry of nanoparticles on a substrate: Zinc oxide on amorphous silica. Journal of Materials Research 23, 1907–1915 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.2008.0237

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.2008.0237

Navigation