Association of Serum Osteocalcin with Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adult Women

Jee-Hyun Kang

doi:10.15384/kjhp.2017.17.3.145

Korean J Health Promot > Volume 17(3); 2017 > Article

Association of Serum Osteocalcin with Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adult Women

Original Article

Korean Journal of Health Promotion 2017;17(3):145-151.

Published online: January 19, 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15384/kjhp.2017.17.3.145

Association of Serum Osteocalcin with Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adult Women

Jee-Hyun Kang

Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea

Corresponding author : Jee-Hyun Kang, MD, PhD Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158 Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea
Tel: +82-42-600-9240, Fax: +82-42-600-9095 E-mail: jeehyunkang@yahoo.co.kr

Received May 30, 2017 Accepted August 29, 2017

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

요약

Background:

Serum osteocalcin level has been widely used as a bone turnover marker in clinical setting. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between serum osteocalcin concentration and metabolic syndrome as a cardiovascular risk factor in adult women.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 89 adult women (29 premenopausal, 60 postmenopausal) who voluntarily measured serum osteocalcin concentration and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) for the purpose of screening. The definition of metabolic syndrome was used National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III criteria except waist circumference which was adopted the Korean standard.

Results:

The serum osteocalcin concentration with metabolic syndrome was significantly lower than those without metabolic syndrome (15.4±8.0 ng/mL vs. 22.4±12.2 ng/mL; P=0.001). The osteocalcin level was significantly lower in the groups with more than 4 risk factors for metabolic syndrome (10.1±6.7 ng/mL) than the groups with more than 3 (18.0±7.6 ng/mL) or 2 (23.6±7.1 ng/mL) risk factors. As a result of logistic regression analysis using serum osteocalcin, age, menopausal status, lumbar spine BMD and body mass index as independent variables, the presence of metabolic syndrome was independently associated with the serum osteocalcin level (β =-0.151, P=0.018).

Conclusions:

The serum osteocalcin levels in adult women were significantly lower in the metabolic syndrome group, and also lower in the group with higher clustering of individual risk factors of metabolic syndrome.

Keywords: Osteocalcin, Metabolic syndrome, Women

Figure 1.

Serum osteocalcin level according to presence of metabolic syndrome (mean±SE).

Figure 2.

Serum osteocalcin level according to number of components of metabolic syndrome (mean±SE).

Table 1.

General characteristics of the subjects

Variables	Total (n=89)		Without MS (n=77)		With MS (n=12)		P
Variables	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	P
Age, y	54.0	9.3	53.5	9.5	57.3	7.2	0.197
Height, cm	156.9	5.8	156.9	6.0	157.5	4.9	0.740
Weight, kg	59.5	9.3	58.2	8.2	68.1	12.0	0.001
Body mass index, kg/m²	24.1	3.4	23.6	3.1	27.3	3.7	<0.001
Waist circumference, cm	77.7	9.4	76.3	8.8	86.3	8.4	<0.001
Osteocalcin, ng/mL	21.5	12.0	22.4	12.2	15.4	8.0	0.001
Bone mineral density, g/cm²	1.107	0.177	1.101	0.176	1.146	0.185	0.415
Alkaline phosphatase, IU/L	64.0	24.4	64.6	26.0	59.6	8.8	0.506
Calcium, mg/dL	9.1	0.4	9.1	0.4	9.1	0.4	0.924
Phosphate, mg/dL	3.7	0.5	3.8	0.5	3.4	0.4	0.030
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	116.0	16.4	114.7	16.8	124.4	10.5	0.056
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	75.4	10.4	75.0	10.7	77.7	7.6	0.416
Glucose, mg/dL	101.4	30.4	97.7	21.0	125.0	60.3	0.003
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	207.4	39.9	210.3	39.4	188.8	40.0	0.083
HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL	59.9	15.8	62.4	15.2	43.8	8.8	<0.001
LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL	136.7	31.9	138.4	31.5	126.1	33.6	0.218
Triglyceride, mg/dL	117.4	59.0	105.3	42.1	195.3	89.3	<0.001
Diabetes medication	7	7.9%	3	3.9%	4	33.3%	0.001
Hypertension medication	17	19.1%	9	11.7%	8	66.7%	<0.001
Menopause	60	67.4%	50	64.9%	10	83.3%	0.209

Abbreviations: MS, metabolic syndrome; SD, standard deviation; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.

Table 2.

Comparison of osteocalcin levels according to each component of metabolic syndrome

Component of metabolic syndrome	Number	Osteocalcin		P
Component of metabolic syndrome			Mean	SD
Waist circumference
<85 cm	70	22.0	12.8	0.196
≥85 cm	18	20.0	8.4
Blood pressure
<130/85 mmHg	54	22.7	14.1	0.207
≥130/85 mmHg or hypertension medication	35	19.5	7.3
Glucose
<110 mg/dL	74	21.9	12.7	0.691
≥110 mg/dL or hypertension medication	15	19.1	7.4
Triglyceride
<150 mg/dL ≥150 mg/dL	72 17	21.8 20.1	11.8 13.0	0.071
HDL cholesterol
<50 mg/dL	23	20.8	10.0	0.627
≥50 mg/dL	66	23.2	16.5
Metabolic syndrome
<3 components	77	22.4	12.2	0.001
≥3 components	12	15.4	8.0

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; HDL, high density lipoprotein.

Table 3.

Logistic regression analysis for metabolic syndrome

Independent variables	Coefficient (β)	P
Model 1^a
Age, y	-0.005	0.936
Menopause	2.184	0.088
Bone mineral density	2.363	0.241
Osteocalcin	-0.154	0.014
Model 2^b
Age, y	-0.001	0.863
Menopause	1.861	0.191
Bone mineral density	1.256	0.567
Body mass index	0.254	0.013
Osteocalcin	-0.151	0.018

Dependent variable: presence of metabolic syndrome.

^a Model 1 indepedent variables: age, menopause, bone mineral density, osteocalcin.

^b Model 2 independent variables: model 1+body mass index.

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