An understanding of lignin chemical structure and properties is required before connections can be drawn between lignin sources and utilisation. Of particular interest, and one cause for the limited use of lignin, is chemical heterogeneity. The principal applications for lignin are power/fuel (short term), macromolecules (medium term) and aromatic chemicals (long term), with the preferred use ultimately directed by the global price of oil and biomass. The intention of this chapter is to compile and evaluate the properties of lignins from various sources and to identify applications that match the unique properties of each lignin.