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Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter December 23, 2020

Depression following traumatic brain injury: a comprehensive overview

  • Marc Fakhoury ORCID logo , Zaynab Shakkour ORCID logo , Firas Kobeissy and Nada Lawand EMAIL logo

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major health concern affecting the neuropsychological health; TBI is accompanied by drastic long-term adverse complications that can influence many aspects of the life of affected individuals. A substantial number of studies have shown that mood disorders, particularly depression, are the most frequent complications encountered in individuals with TBI. Post-traumatic depression (P-TD) is present in approximately 30% of individuals with TBI, with the majority of individuals experiencing symptoms of depression during the first year following head injury. To date, the mechanisms of P-TD are far from being fully understood, and effective treatments that completely halt this condition are still lacking. The aim of this review is to outline the current state of knowledge on the prevalence and risk factors of P-TD, to discuss the accompanying brain changes at the anatomical, molecular and functional levels, and to discuss current approaches used for the treatment of P-TD.


Corresponding author: Nada Lawand, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; and Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, E-mail:

Award Identifier / Grant number: PDF

Acknowledgement

M.F. acknowledges financial support from the Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) in form of a postdoctoral fellowship award.

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: None declared.

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

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Received: 2020-05-09
Accepted: 2020-10-21
Published Online: 2020-12-23
Published in Print: 2021-04-27

© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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