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Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter March 22, 2018

Animal models of status epilepticus and temporal lobe epilepsy: a narrative review

  • Nikita Nirwan

    Nikita Nirwan, M Pharm (Pharmacology), is a junior research fellow working under Prof. Divya Vohora, Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacology and In-charge of Pharmaceutical Medicine Programme, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research at Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi. Ms. Nirwan was awarded with the AICTE grant for her M Pharm research work in 2015 and has participated in many national conferences/symposia. Her major areas of interest are neurobehavioral pharmacology (particularly epilepsy) and osteoporosis. Her work mainly includes the study of various mechanisms, novel targets, and development of new animal models of the above-mentioned areas.

    , Preeti Vyas

    Preeti Vyas, M Pharm (Pharmacology), is a junior research fellow, currently working in the Neurobehavioral Pharmcology Laboratory in the Department of Pharmacology in the School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research at Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi. She has received the AICTE grant for her post-graduate work and was awarded with the DST-INSPIRE fellowship in 2016. She has co-authored one book chapter published by Elsevier along with two review papers. She has participated in many national conferences, workshops, and symposia and has also worked as a research trainee in the drug discovery department of Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Private Ltd., Gurugram, Haryana. Her major areas of interest are neuropharmacology, particularly neuroinflammation and epilepsy. Her work mainly focuses on the underlying pathways involved in the causation and pathogenesis of epilepsy and inflammation.

    and Divya Vohora

    Divya Vohora, M Pharm, PhD, is Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacology, and In-charge of Pharmaceutical Medicine Programme (joint collaborative PhD program between Jamia Hamdard and Sun Pharmaceuticals) in the School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research at Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi. She has 20 years of teaching/research experience with >130 publications in reputed national and international journals with >1600 citations. Her major areas of interest are neurobehavioral pharmacology particularly epilepsy, neuropsychiatric diseases, cognitive functions, histamine, and osteoporosis. She has received grants from various funding agencies of Government of India. She has received awards including Dr. D.N. Prasad Memorial Award of ICMR, Chandra Kanta Dandiya Prize, DST Fast track award, AICTE Career award etc.

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Abstract

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the chronic and pharmacoresistant form of epilepsy observed in humans. The current literature is insufficient in explicating the comprehensive mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis and advancement. Consequently, the development of a suitable animal model mimicking the clinical characteristics is required. Further, the relevance of status epilepticus (SE) to animal models is dubious. SE occurs rarely in people; most epilepsy patients never experience it. The present review summarizes the established animal models of SE and TLE, along with a brief discussion of the animal models that have the distinctiveness and carries the possibility to be developed as effective models for TLE. The review not only covers the basic requirements, mechanisms, and methods of induction of each model but also focuses upon their major limitations and possible modifications for their future use. A detailed discussion on chemical, electrical, and hypoxic/ischemic models as well as a brief explanation on the genetic models, most of which are characterized by development of SE followed by neurodegeneration, is presented.

About the authors

Nikita Nirwan

Nikita Nirwan, M Pharm (Pharmacology), is a junior research fellow working under Prof. Divya Vohora, Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacology and In-charge of Pharmaceutical Medicine Programme, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research at Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi. Ms. Nirwan was awarded with the AICTE grant for her M Pharm research work in 2015 and has participated in many national conferences/symposia. Her major areas of interest are neurobehavioral pharmacology (particularly epilepsy) and osteoporosis. Her work mainly includes the study of various mechanisms, novel targets, and development of new animal models of the above-mentioned areas.

Preeti Vyas

Preeti Vyas, M Pharm (Pharmacology), is a junior research fellow, currently working in the Neurobehavioral Pharmcology Laboratory in the Department of Pharmacology in the School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research at Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi. She has received the AICTE grant for her post-graduate work and was awarded with the DST-INSPIRE fellowship in 2016. She has co-authored one book chapter published by Elsevier along with two review papers. She has participated in many national conferences, workshops, and symposia and has also worked as a research trainee in the drug discovery department of Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Private Ltd., Gurugram, Haryana. Her major areas of interest are neuropharmacology, particularly neuroinflammation and epilepsy. Her work mainly focuses on the underlying pathways involved in the causation and pathogenesis of epilepsy and inflammation.

Divya Vohora

Divya Vohora, M Pharm, PhD, is Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacology, and In-charge of Pharmaceutical Medicine Programme (joint collaborative PhD program between Jamia Hamdard and Sun Pharmaceuticals) in the School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research at Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi. She has 20 years of teaching/research experience with >130 publications in reputed national and international journals with >1600 citations. Her major areas of interest are neurobehavioral pharmacology particularly epilepsy, neuropsychiatric diseases, cognitive functions, histamine, and osteoporosis. She has received grants from various funding agencies of Government of India. She has received awards including Dr. D.N. Prasad Memorial Award of ICMR, Chandra Kanta Dandiya Prize, DST Fast track award, AICTE Career award etc.

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to UGC-SAP for financial assistance.

  1. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Received: 2017-10-16
Accepted: 2018-01-26
Published Online: 2018-03-22
Published in Print: 2018-09-25

©2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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