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Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter November 27, 2017

Synthetic draw solutes for forward osmosis: status and future

  • Qiaozhen Chen

    Qiaozhen Chen is a Master’s student at the College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University. Her research interests are in the areas of forward osmosis (FO) membrane separation, such as novel material synthesis for FO processes, membrane fabrication, FO applications in wastewater treatment and seawater desalination.

    , Wenxuan Xu

    Wenxuan Xu is a Master’s student at the College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University. His research interests are in the areas of forward osmosis (FO) membrane separation, such as novel membrane material synthesis, membrane modification, membrane fabrication, FO applications in wastewater treatment, seawater desalination and membrane fouling study.

    and Qingchun Ge

    Qingchun Ge received her PhD from the Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore. She was appointed as a full professor at Fuzhou University in 2015. Her research is on membrane separation, including membrane processes for water treatment, pharmaceutical enrichment, and food processing; novel materials for draw solutions in FO; polymer materials for membrane fabrication; renewable energy generation via membrane processes; and membrane transport processes.

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Abstract

Forward osmosis (FO) has developed rapidly over the past decade. The development of draw solutes, a key component of FO processes, has also progressed remarkably. A wide range of synthetic draw solutes have been explored in recent years. Synthetic draw solutes exhibit superiority over the conventional draw solutes obtained commercially in terms of lower reverse solute fluxes and less energy consumption in draw solute recycling. However, there are still some big challenges for synthetic draw solutes, such as complicated synthetic procedures, low water fluxes, severe concentration polarization (CP) and decreased water recovery efficiency when recycled draw solutes are reused in FO. These challenges are also the current research focus on the exploration of novel draw solutes. This article aims to review the recent progress especially on synthetic draw solutes. Their design strategies, synthesis routes and FO performance are assessed. Some representative applications involving the synthetic draw solutes-facilitated FO processes are exemplified. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing synthetic draw solutions are evaluated. The challenges and future directions in exploring novel draw solutes are highlighted.

About the authors

Qiaozhen Chen

Qiaozhen Chen is a Master’s student at the College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University. Her research interests are in the areas of forward osmosis (FO) membrane separation, such as novel material synthesis for FO processes, membrane fabrication, FO applications in wastewater treatment and seawater desalination.

Wenxuan Xu

Wenxuan Xu is a Master’s student at the College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University. His research interests are in the areas of forward osmosis (FO) membrane separation, such as novel membrane material synthesis, membrane modification, membrane fabrication, FO applications in wastewater treatment, seawater desalination and membrane fouling study.

Qingchun Ge

Qingchun Ge received her PhD from the Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore. She was appointed as a full professor at Fuzhou University in 2015. Her research is on membrane separation, including membrane processes for water treatment, pharmaceutical enrichment, and food processing; novel materials for draw solutions in FO; polymer materials for membrane fabrication; renewable energy generation via membrane processes; and membrane transport processes.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (grant no. 21677035), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (grant no. 2016J01056) and Fuzhou University (grant no. XRC-1259).

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Received: 2017-07-07
Accepted: 2017-09-29
Published Online: 2017-11-27
Published in Print: 2018-11-27

©2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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