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Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter April 29, 2017

An overview of the reaction conditions for an efficient photoconversion of CO2

  • Syeda Shaima Meryem

    Syeda Shaima Meryem is currently a PhD scholar with the Environmental Sciences program, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan. She completed her MPhil and MSc in environmental sciences at Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi. She specializes in environmental microbiology, renewable energy, and GIS. Her PhD research is on quorum sensing system of biofilm forming rhizobacteria and their role in phytoremediation.

    , Sadia Nasreen

    Sadia Nasreen did her MS in environmental sciences at the COMSATS Institute of Information Technology in 2008. In 2011 she went to China, where she completed her PhD thesis on synthesis, characterization and application of heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel synthesis at the University of Geosciences, Wuhan. Currently, she is working as a faculty in the Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Pakistan. She has great expertise in interpretation and analysis of laboratory equipment data.

    , Maria Siddique

    Maria Siddique studied environmental sciences at the COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan and finished her doctorate in 2011 (supervisor: Prof. Robina Farooq). Afterwards, she joined the same institute where she is now working as an assistant professor. She specializes in industrial wastewater pollution control techniques. Her research interests comprise sono and photochemistry.

    and Romana Khan

    Romana Khan studied chemistry at the Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Pakistan and finished her doctorate in 2008 at Kyungpook National University, South Korea (supervisor: Prof. Tae Jeong Kim). She serves as an assistant professor at the COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan since 2009. She has 25 published research articles and numerous conference proceedings to her credit and supervises several MS and PhD students. She is a member of several professional societies. Her research interests include design, syntheses and applications of newly developed molecular catalysis and nanomaterials for practical applications.

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Abstract

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission is one of the well-known causes of global warming. Photoconversion of CO2 to useful chemical compounds using solar energy is an attractive approach as it reduces the major greenhouse gas and promises a sustainable energy source. This method involves radical-chain reactions that form cation and anion radicals generated as a result of the reaction with photogenerated electrons (e) and holes (h+) between metal oxide photocatalyst and the reactants. Therefore, the product distribution of a modified photocatalyst even under specific reaction conditions is difficult to predict. The CO2 photocatalytic reduction process is controlled by several conditions such as reactor configuration, photocatalyst type, and nature of the reducing agents. Here, we review the parameters such as temperature, pH, CO2 pressure, type of reductant, role of co-catalysts, dopants, and type of photocatalysts that influence the end products of the photocatalytic reduction of CO2. In this review, the different modifications recommended for the photocatalysts to improve CO2 reduction and receive maximum valuable end product (methane, ethanol, methanol, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide) have been listed. The discussion also includes specific behaviors of photocatalysts which lead to different product distribution. It has been noted that different metal and nonmetal dopants improve the activity of a photocatalyst and influence the end product distribution by altering the active species. Similarly, the key factors, i.e. size, morphology and doping, which have been ruling the photocatalytic activity of CO2 reduction under UV or visible light irradiation have been identified.

About the authors

Syeda Shaima Meryem

Syeda Shaima Meryem is currently a PhD scholar with the Environmental Sciences program, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan. She completed her MPhil and MSc in environmental sciences at Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi. She specializes in environmental microbiology, renewable energy, and GIS. Her PhD research is on quorum sensing system of biofilm forming rhizobacteria and their role in phytoremediation.

Sadia Nasreen

Sadia Nasreen did her MS in environmental sciences at the COMSATS Institute of Information Technology in 2008. In 2011 she went to China, where she completed her PhD thesis on synthesis, characterization and application of heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel synthesis at the University of Geosciences, Wuhan. Currently, she is working as a faculty in the Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Pakistan. She has great expertise in interpretation and analysis of laboratory equipment data.

Maria Siddique

Maria Siddique studied environmental sciences at the COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan and finished her doctorate in 2011 (supervisor: Prof. Robina Farooq). Afterwards, she joined the same institute where she is now working as an assistant professor. She specializes in industrial wastewater pollution control techniques. Her research interests comprise sono and photochemistry.

Romana Khan

Romana Khan studied chemistry at the Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Pakistan and finished her doctorate in 2008 at Kyungpook National University, South Korea (supervisor: Prof. Tae Jeong Kim). She serves as an assistant professor at the COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan since 2009. She has 25 published research articles and numerous conference proceedings to her credit and supervises several MS and PhD students. She is a member of several professional societies. Her research interests include design, syntheses and applications of newly developed molecular catalysis and nanomaterials for practical applications.

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Received: 2016-4-7
Accepted: 2017-3-2
Published Online: 2017-4-29
Published in Print: 2018-4-25

©2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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