Abstract
The present study was conducted to uncover effects of partitioning treatment on Cu–Ni–Mo alloyed ductile iron (DI) austempered at different temperatures. For this purpose, the DI samples, produced via sand casting, were austenitized at 900 °C for 60 min, followed by austempering at the temperatures of 275–325–375 °C for 120 min and afterwards a partitioning treatment was applied at 200 °C for 15 min. In the characterization studies, dilatometer, image analysis, JMat-Pro, mechanical tests, XRD, optical microscope, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with EBSD detector were utilized. Characterization studies showed that the effects of partitioning treatment were directly correlated with austempering temperature and high carbon austenite volume fraction changed in the range of 19.48–35.45%. That redistribution of carbon (C) between bainitic ferrite and high carbon austenite occurred, in turn, the carbon content of high carbon austenite increased with the partitioning treatment irrespective of austempering temperature were uncovered. Furthermore, the partitioning treatment considerably changed the grain morphologies of both high carbon austenite and banitic ferrite. As a consequence of these microstructural differences, the highest tensile strength of 1489.2 MPa was established in the sample austempered at 275 °C and partitioned at 200 °C, whereas the highest ductility of 5.61% acquired at the austempering temperature of 375 °C.
About the authors
Burak Nalcaci, born in 1992, has been working as a Research Assistant at the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering at Gazi University in Turkey. He obtained his BSc degrees from the Departments of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering at Gazi University and Business Administration at Anadolu University. He received his MSc degree in Mechanical Engineering from Yildiz Technical University in 2017. Currently, he is pursuing his PhD studies in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering at Gazi University, with a focus on mechanical and microstructural characterization of ferrous materials.
Kemal Davut was born in 1982, works at the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey. He received his BSc and MSc degrees from the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University in 2004 and 2006, respectively. He earned his PhD degree from RWTH Aachen University in 2013. His areas of interest include crystallographic texture analysis, EBSD technique, SEM, quantitative metallography, magnetic Barkhausen noise, heat treatment of ferrous alloys and advanced high strength steels.
Maximilian Neite, born in 1997, is working as Doctoral Research Assistant at RWTH Aachen University, Germany. In 2015 he moved to Aachen and began studying materials engineering. With his master’s thesis about AI-based detection of martensite bands, he completed his studies at the Steel Institute in 2020. Since 2021 he has been doing research in the group Integrity of Materials and Structures, focusing on micromechanical modeling of damage behavior.
Sebastian Münstermann, born in 1977, studied Civil Engineering at RWTH Aachen University, Germany from 1995 to 2001. Then, he worked as a scientific assistant at the Steel Institute of RWTH Aachen University and received his PhD degree in 2006. He was group leader for materials mechanics at the Steel Institute of RWTH Aachen University from 2006 to 2014. From 2014 to 2016, he worked as a senior scientist at the Institute for Energy and Climate Research at the Research Center Jülich, Germany. Since 2016, he is Professor for Integrity of Materials and Structures at the Steel Institute.
Mehmet Erdogan was born in 1960, received his BSc degree from Metallurgy Education at Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, in 1982. He received his MSc degree from Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, in 1988. He earned his PhD degree in 1993 from University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST). Currently, he is a Professor at the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. His research interests include dual phase steels, TRIP steels, heat treatments of steels and cast irons.
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to extend the deepest gratitude to Theerawat Kumnorkaew for EBSD studies.
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Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: This work was supported by Gazi University Scientific Research Fund (Grant numbers: 07/2019-19).
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.
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