Abstract
This work presents a concurrent design and multi-objective optimisation framework of horizontal axis wind turbine blades, made of composite material, for low wind speed. The optimisation model aims to minimise the structural mass of the blade whilst simultaneously maximising the turbine power output, subjected to three constraints viz. blade tip deflection, and Tsai-Hill and von Mises criteria. The design variables are blade shape and details of the internal blade structure. The control points and polynomial interpolation technique were adopted to determine the blade shape while the airfoil types at blade sections remained fixed. The internal blade structure design variables include the thickness of ribs and spars and the carbon fibre thickness and orientations. The blade element momentum approach is utilised to calculate turbine power and structural loads, whereas a finite element method is employed for structural analysis. Twelve multi-objective metaheuristics algorithms are used to solve the proposed multi-objective optimisation problem while their performance is investigated. The results obtained show that the multi-objective cuckoo search algorithm is the most efficient method. This study is said to be the baseline for a future study on multi-objective optimisation which combines two design stages of the composite low-speed wind turbine blades.
Funding source: The National Research Council of Thailand
Award Identifier / Grant number: N42A650549
Funding source: Graduated School, Khon Kaen University
About the authors
Mr. Numchoak Sabangban received a B.Eng. in 2013 and M.Eng. in Mechanical Engineering in 2015 from Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. Currently, he is a Ph.D. research scholar at Khon Kaen University and a lecturer at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nakhonphanom University, Nakhonphanom, Thailand. His research interests include multidisciplinary design optimization, evolutionary computation, and wind turbine blade design.
Dr. Natee Panagant received a B.Eng. in Mechanical Engineering from Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, M.Eng. and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. Currently, he is a lecturer at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khon Kaen University. His research interests include multidisciplinary design optimization, evolutionary computation, and finite-element analysis.
Dr. Sujin Bureerat received B.Eng. in Mechanical Engineering from Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand, in 1992, and his Ph.D. degree in Engineering from Manchester University, Manchester, UK, in 2001. Currently, he is a Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khon Kaen University. His research interests include multidisciplinary design optimization, evolutionary computation, aircraft design, finite-element analysis, agricultural machinery, mechanism synthesis, and mechanical vibration.
Dr. Kittinan Wansasueb received a B.Eng., M.Eng., and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. He is currently a lecturer at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mahasarakham University, Thailand. His research interests include multidisciplinary design optimization, evolutionary computation, aircraft design, and finite-element analysis.
Sumit Kumar received a B.Eng. degree (Hons.) in Mechanical Engineering from Dr. A.P.j. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, India, in 2012, and the M.Eng. degree (Hons.) in design engineering from the Malaviya National Institute of Technology (NIT), Jaipur, India, in 2015. He is currently a Ph.D. research scholar with the College of Sciences and Engineering, Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia. His major research interests include metaheuristics techniques, multi-objective optimization, evolutionary algorithm, and renewable energy systems.
Dr. Ali Riza Yildiz is a professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey. His research interests are the finite element analysis of structural components, lightweight design, vehicle design, vehicle crashworthiness, shape and topology optimization of vehicle components, meta-heuristic optimization techniques, and additive manufacturing.
Dr. Nantiwat Pholdee received his B.Eng. degree (Second Class Honors) in Mechanical Engineering in 2008 and his Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering in 2013 from Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. He is currently a lecturer at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khon Kaen University. His research interests include multidisciplinary design optimization, evolutionary computation, flight dynamics and control, and finite element analysis.
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Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: This work was supported by the “Research Fund for Supporting Lecturer to Admit High Potential Student to Study and Research on His Expert Program Year 2019” scholarship, Graduated School, Khon Kaen University, Thailand, Grant No. 621T226. The authors are also grateful for the support from the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT), Grant No. N42A650549.
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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