Abstract
Acetates of glycerol have been produced in a heterogeneous reaction system using acidic ion-exchange resin catalysts; Amberlyst-15 (A-15), Amberlyst-16 (A-16), Amberlyst-36 (A-36), Amberlite-IR 120 (A-IR 120) and Relite-EXC8D (R-EXC8D). Effect of reaction temperature on glycerol conversion and product (mono, di and tri glycerol acetates) selectivities were investigated via reaction experiments conducted with glycerol to acetic acid initial molar ratio (G/Ac) of 1/6. Increase in glycerol conversion with an increase in temperature was observed for all catalysts. Among the catalysts investigated, R-EXC8D exhibited the highest activity in the temperature range of 95–150°C. Reaction was completed within a 25 minute short time period.
Acknowledgements
Financial support from University Research Funds through Gazi University (06/2010-24) is gratefully acknowledged. We also acknowledge to Resindion (A subsidiary of Mitsubishi Chemical) for supplying the Relite EXC8D catalyst.
References
1. Zhou, C.-H., Beltramini, J.N., Fana Y.-X., Lu, G.Q., 2008. Chemoselective catalytic conversion of glycerol as a biorenewable source to valuable commodity chemicals. Chem. Soc. Rev. 37, 527–549.10.1039/B707343GSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
2. Liao X., Zhu, Y., Wang, S.-G., Li, Y., 2009. Producing triacetylglycerol with glycerol by two steps: Esterification and acetylation. Fuel Process. Technol. 90, 988–993.10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.03.015Search in Google Scholar
3. Garcia, E., Laca, M., Perez, E., Garrido, A., Peinado, J., 2008. New class of Acetal derived from Glycerin as a biodiesel fuel component. Energy Fuels 22, 4274–4280.10.1021/ef800477mSearch in Google Scholar
4. Casas, A., Ruiz, J.R., Ramos, M.J., Perez, A., 2010. Effects of triacetin on biodiesel quality. Energy Fuels 24, 4481–4489.10.1021/ef100406bSearch in Google Scholar
5. Ferreira, P., Fonseca, I.M., Ramos, A.M., Vital J., Castanheiro, J.E., 2010. Esterification of glycerol with acetic acid over dodecamolybdophosphoric acid encaged in USY zeolite. Catal. Commun. 10, 481–484.10.1016/j.catcom.2008.10.015Search in Google Scholar
6. Balaraju, M., Nikhitha, P., Jagadeeswaraiah, K., Srilatha, K., Sai Prasad, P.S., Lingaiah N., 2010. Acetylation of glycerol to synthesize bioadditives over niobic acid supported tungstophosphoric acid catalysts. Fuel Process. Technol 91, 249–253.10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.10.005Search in Google Scholar
7. Gonçalves, L.C., Pinto, B.P., Silva, J.C., Mota C.J.A., 2008. Acetylation of glycerol catalyzed by different solid acids. Catal. Today 133–135, 673–677.10.1016/j.cattod.2007.12.037Search in Google Scholar
8. Dosuna-Rodriguez, I., Gaignaux, E.M., 2012. Glycerol acetylation catalysed by ion exchange resins. Catal. Today 195, 14–21.10.1016/j.cattod.2012.04.031Search in Google Scholar
9. Ozbay, N., Oktar, N., Dogu, G., Dogu, T., 2013. Activity comparison of different solid acid catalysts in etherification of glycerol with tert-butyl alcohol in flow and batch reactors. Top. Catal. 56, 1790–1803.10.1007/s11244-013-0116-0Search in Google Scholar
10. Ozbay, N., Oktar, N., Tapan, N.A., 2008. Esterification of free fatty acids in waste cooking oils (WCO): Role of ion-exchange resins. Fuel 87, 1789–1798.10.1016/j.fuel.2007.12.010Search in Google Scholar
©2016 by De Gruyter
