Abstract
In this paperwe describe a microzonation surveycarried out at a mountain Municipality (Piteglio, NorthernApennines). We complemented the available data by conducting106 microtremor measurements for Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) analysis. Most of the dataconcern the three major rural villages (Piteglio-Prataccio,Popiglio and Prunetta). Furthermore, we installed a fieldmobile seismic station at two of the major villages, in orderto obtain earthquakes recordings.The HVSR analysis shows amplification effects due to eluvialor colluvial deposits overlying the seismic bedrock,even for areas previously mapped as bedrock outcrops.Most zones characterized by sandstone outcrops showpeaked HVSR traces. This observation could be also interpretedin terms of a topographic effect. In contrast, areascharacterised by chaotic materials (olistostrome) generallyexhibit a flat HVSR. Other areas of seismic amplificationwere identified on alluvial and landslide deposits.Results byHVSR analysis arewell correlated with availabledata from geo-technical and geophysical surveys, thus allowingto invert HVSRs for the physical properties of thesubsoil. Subsoil properties can thus be extrapolated alsoin areas for which only measurements of seismic noise areavailable. Moreover, noise HVSRs agree well with thosefrom earthquakes recorded at the different selected sites.
References
[1] Stucchi M., Meletti C., Montaldo V., Seismic hazard assessment(2003–2009) for the Italian building code, B. Seismol. Soc. Am.2011, 101, 1885–191110.1785/0120100130Search in Google Scholar
[2] EC 8-1, Eurocode 8, Design of structures for earthquake resistance,Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings,2003, prEN 1998-1.Search in Google Scholar
[3] Lacave C., Bard P.-Y., Koller M., Microzonation: techniques andexamples. Block 15: Naturgefahren-Endbebenrisiko, 1999, 22www.ndk.ethz.ch/pages/publ/koller.pdfSearch in Google Scholar
[4] Sitharam T.G., Anbazhagan P., Seismic microzonation: principles,practices and expertiments, EJGE Special Volume, 2008,Bouquet 08, 61 p. http://www.ejge.com/Bouquet08/Preface.htmSearch in Google Scholar
[5] Mihalić S., Oštric M., Krkać M., Seismic microzonation: A reviewof principles and practice, Geofisika 2011, 28, 5–20Search in Google Scholar
[6] Ansal A., Tonuk G., Kurtulus A., Microzonation for urban planning.In: Tankut A.T. (ed), Earthquakes and tsunamis, Geotechnical,Geological and Earthquake Engineering 2009, 11, 133–15210.1007/978-90-481-2399-5_9Search in Google Scholar
[7] Moscatelli M., Pagliaroli A., Cavinato G.P., Castenetto S., NasoG., Seismic microzonation of Palatine hill, Roman Forum andColiseum Archeological Area, B. Earthq. Eng. 2014, 12, 1269–127510.1007/s10518-013-9539-zSearch in Google Scholar
[8] Signanini P., D’Intinosante V., Ferrini M., Rainone M.L., Evaluationof local amplification in the seismic microzonation: comparisonbetween punctual multidisciplinary integrated studiesand macroseismic methods in Fivizzano’s area (Toscana, Italy),Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 2004, 22, 227–24410.1023/B:GEGE.0000018363.77374.60Search in Google Scholar
[9] Cherubini C., Ferrini M., D’Intinosante V., Rainone M.L., SignaniniP., Vessia G., Local seismic evaluation by means of ananalitic and multidisciplinary approach: the VEL project of TuscanyRegion. Some examples in Garfagnana and Lunigiana seismicareas (Northern Tuscany). Geophysical Research Abstract,2005, 7, 06370Search in Google Scholar
[10] ICMS, Indirizzi e Criteri per la Microzonazione Sismica (Instructionsand Criteria for Seismic Microzonation). Gruppodi Lavoro ICMS. Conferenza delle Regioni e Provinceutonome-Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, 2008,http://www.protezionecivile.gov.it/jcms/it/view_pub.wp?contentId=PUB1137Search in Google Scholar
[11] Technical Committee for Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering,Revised Manual for Zonation on Seismic Geotechnical Hazards.Japanese Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,1999, TC4Search in Google Scholar
[12] Nakamura Y., A method for dynamic characteristics estimationof subsurface using microtremor on the ground surface. QuarterlyReport of Railway Technical Research Institute, 1989, 30,25–33Search in Google Scholar
[13] Martini I.P., Sagri M., Tectono-sedimentary characteristics ofLate Miocene-Quaternary extensional basins of the NorthernApennines, Italy, Earth-Sci. Rev. 1993, 34, 197–23310.1016/0012-8252(93)90034-5Search in Google Scholar
[14] Boccaletti M., Coli M., Eva G., Ferrari G., Giglia G., LazzarottoA., et al., Consideration on the seismotectonics of the NorthernApennines, Tectonophysics 1985, 117, 7–3810.1016/0040-1951(85)90234-3Search in Google Scholar
[15] Lavecchia G., The Tyrrhenian-Apennines system: structural settingand seismotectogenesis, Tectonophysics 1988, 147, 263–29610.1016/0040-1951(88)90190-4Search in Google Scholar
[16] Carmignani L., Conti P., Cornamusini G., Pirro A., Geologicalmap of Tuscany (Italy), Journal of Maps 2013, 9, 487–49710.1080/17445647.2013.820154Search in Google Scholar
[17] Guidoboni E., Ferrari G., Mariotti D., Comastri A., Tarabusi G.,Valensise G., CFTI4Med, Catalogue of Strong Earthquakes inItaly (461 B.C.-1997) and Mediterranean Area (760 B.C.-1500).INGV-SGA, 2007 http://storing.ingv.it/cfti4med/Search in Google Scholar
[18] Locati M., Camassi R., Stucchi M. (eds), DBMI11, the 2011 versionof the Italian Macroseismic Database. Istituto Nazionale diGeofisica e Vulcanologia, Milano, Bologna, 2011 http://emidius.mi.ingv.it/DBMI11Search in Google Scholar
[19] DISS Working Group, Database of Individual SeismogenicSources (DISS), Version 3.1.1: A compilation of potentialsources for earthquakes larger thanM5.5 in Italy and surroundingareas. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica Vulcanologia, 2010http://diss.rm.ingv.it/diss/Search in Google Scholar
[20] CPTI Working Group, Catalogo Parametrico dei Terremoti Italiani,versione 2004 (CPTI04). INGV, Bologna, 2004 http://emidius.mi.ingv.it/CPTI04/Search in Google Scholar
[21] Gaull B.A., Kagami H., Taniguchi H., The microzonation of Perth,Western Australia, using microtremor spectral ratios. Earthq.Spectra, 1995, 11, 173–19110.1193/1.1585810Search in Google Scholar
[22] Bour M., Fouissac D., Dominique P., Martin C., On the useof microtremor recordings in seismic microzonation, Soil Dyn.Earthq. Eng. 1998, 17, 65–47410.1016/S0267-7261(98)00014-1Search in Google Scholar
[23] Ansal M., Iyisan R., Güllü H., Microtremor measurements for themicrozonation of Dinar, Pure Appl. Geophys. 2001, 158, 2525–254110.1007/PL00001184Search in Google Scholar
[24] Tuladhar R., Yamazaki F., Warnitchai P., Saita J., Seismic microzonationof the greater Bangkok area using microtremor observations,Earthq. Eng. Struct. D. 2004, 33 (2), 211–22510.1002/eqe.345Search in Google Scholar
[25] Nunziata C., A physically sound way of using noise measurementsin seismic microzonation, applied to the urban area ofNapoli, Eng. Geol. 2007, 93, 17–3010.1016/j.enggeo.2007.05.003Search in Google Scholar
[26] Gamal M.A., Using microtremors for microseismic zonation inCairo’s crowded, urban areas, J. Seismol. 2009, 13, 13–3010.1007/s10950-008-9113-3Search in Google Scholar
[27] Gosar A.,Martinec M., Microtremor HVSR Study of Site Effects inthe Ilirska Bistrica Town Area (S. Slovenia), J. Earthq. Eng. 2009, 13, 50–6710.1080/13632460802212956Search in Google Scholar
[28] Cadet H.,Macau A., Benjumea B., Bellmunt F., Figueras S., Fromambient noise recordings to site effect assessment-The casestudy of Barcelona microzonation, Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. 2011,31, 271–28110.1016/j.soildyn.2010.07.005Search in Google Scholar
[29] Bonnefoy-Claudet S., Cotton F., Bard P.-Y., The nature of noisewavefield and its applications for site effects studies. A literaturereview, Earth-Sci. Rev. 2006, 79, 205–22710.1016/j.earscirev.2006.07.004Search in Google Scholar
[30] Haghshenas E., Bard P.-Y., Theodulidis N., SESAME WP04 Team,Empirical evaluation of microtremor H/V spectral ratio, B.Earthq. Eng. 2008, 6, 75–10810.1007/s10518-007-9058-xSearch in Google Scholar
[31] SESAME, Guidelines for the implementation of the H/V spectralratio technique on ambient vibrations – measurements, processingand interpretation. European Commission – ResearchGeneral Directorate SESAME European research project WP12,2004 http://sesame-fp5.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr/Papers/HV_User_Guidelines.pdfSearch in Google Scholar
[32] Albarello D., Cesi C., Eulilli V., Guerrini F., Lunedei E., Paolucci E.,et al., The contribution of the ambient vibration prospecting inseismic microzoning: an example from the area damaged by theApril 6, 2009 L’Aquila (Italy) earthquake, B. Geofis. Teor. Appl.2011, 52, 513–538Search in Google Scholar
[33] Del Gaudio V., Wasowski J., Advances and problems in understandingthe seismic response of potentially unstable slopes,Eng. Geol. 2011, 122, 73–8310.1016/j.enggeo.2010.09.007Search in Google Scholar
[34] Gallipoli M.R., Bianca M., Mucciarelli M., Parolai S., Picozzi M.,Topographic versus stratigraphic amplification: mismatch betweencode provisions and observations during the L’Aquila(Italy, 2009) sequence, B. Earthq. Eng. 2013, 11, 1325–133610.1007/s10518-013-9446-3Search in Google Scholar
[35] Castellaro S., Mulargia F., Bianconi L., Passive seismic stratigraphy:A new eflcient, fast and economic technique, Journal ofGeotechnical and Environmental Geology 2005, 3, 76–97Search in Google Scholar
[36] Aki K., A note on the use of microseisms in determining the shallowstructures of the Earth’s crust, Geophysics 1964, 29, 665–66610.1190/1.1439640Search in Google Scholar
[37] Ben-Menahem A., Singh S.J., Seismic Waves and Sources,Springer-Verlag, New York, 198110.1007/978-1-4612-5856-8Search in Google Scholar
[38] Castellaro S., Mulargia F., VS30 estimates using constrainedH/V measurements, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 2009, 99, 761–77310.1785/0120080179Search in Google Scholar
[39] Belvaux M., Macau A., Figueras S., Susagna T., Goula X.,Recorded ground motion and estimated soil amplification forthe May 11, 2011 Lorca earthquake, Earthq. Spectra 2014, doi10.1193/122212EQS354M10.1193/122212EQS354MSearch in Google Scholar
[40] Del Gaudio V., Coccia S., Wasowski J., Gallipoli M.R., MucciarelliM., Detection of directivity in seismic site response from microtremorspectral analysis, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 2008,8, 751–76210.5194/nhess-8-751-2008Search in Google Scholar
[41] Mucciarelli M., Gallipoli M.R., Arcieri M., The stability of theHorizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio of triggered noise andearthquake recordings, B. Seismol. Soc. Am. 2003, 93, 1407–141210.1785/0120020213Search in Google Scholar
[42] Molnar S., Cassidy J.F., A Comparison of Site Response TechniquesUsing Weak-Motion Earthquakes and Microtremors,Earthq. Spectra 2006, 22, 169–18810.1193/1.2160525Search in Google Scholar
[43] Strollo A., Richwalski S.M., Parolai S., Gallipoli M.R., MucciarelliM., Caputo R., Site effects of the 2002 Molise earthquake,Italy: analysis of strong motion, ambient noise, and syntheticdata from 2D modelling in San Giuliano di Puglia, B. Earthq. Eng.2007, 5, 347–36210.1007/s10518-007-9033-6Search in Google Scholar
[44] Chávez-García F., Sánchez L.R., Hatzfeld D., Topographic site effectsand HVSR. A comparison between observations and theory,B. Seismol. Soc. Am. 1996, 86, 1559–1573Search in Google Scholar
[45] Panzera F., Lombardo G., D’Amico S., Galea P., Speedy techniquesto evaluate seismic site effects in particular geomorphologicconditions: faults, cavities, landslides and topographicirregularities. In: D’Amico S. (ed) Engineering Seismology,Geotechnical and Structural Earthquake Engineering. InTech,2013, 101–145, doi: 10.5772/5543910.5772/55439Search in Google Scholar
[46] Panzera F., Lombardo G., Rigano R., Evidence of topographiceffects through the analysis of ambient noise measurements,Seismol. Res. Lett. 2011, 82, 413–41910.1785/gssrl.82.3.413Search in Google Scholar
[47] Pagliaroli A., Lanzo G., D’Elia B., Numerical evaluation of topographiceffects at the Nicastro ridge in Southern Italy, J. Earthq.Eng. 2011, 15, 404–43210.1080/13632469.2010.501892Search in Google Scholar
©2015 L. Matassoni et al.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
