Abstract
An assessment of the 11 species of bladed Bangiales from Iceland in a collection of approximately 1770 specimens collected between 1883 and 2013 was undertaken by combining results from molecular analysis with examination of morphological variation in order to determine their distribution in detail. Seven of the species grow all around Iceland. Of the remaining four species, Porphyra linearis, P. dioica and Pyropia leucosticta have their northern limit of distribution along the southwestern and western part of the country, and Pyropia thulaea, an arctic species, only grows at the eastern coast, which is the coldest part of the coastline. Detailed reliable records of species distribution are important to detect future changes in the flora due to anthropogenic or natural environmental changes and have implications for conservation policy.
About the authors
Karl Gunnarsson was awarded a PhD from the University of Paris for his work on the biology of Laminaria. He has been a scientist at the Marine Research Institute, Reykjavik since 1975. His main topics of research have been the ecology of Laminaria and the biodiversity of marine algae in the North Atlantic with an emphasis on the seaweeds of Iceland and the Faroe Islands. Karl Gunnarsson co-authored two books on marine resource uses and seashore life (in Icelandic).
Svanhildur Egilsdóttir is employed at the Marine Research Institute in Reykjavik. She is a biologist and has an MSc degree in Biological Photography and Imaging from the University of Nottingham, England. She has been working in various research projects, during the last decade mostly on seaweed research and biodiversity.
Ruth Nielsen is lector emerita in the History Museum of Denmark. She was a curator of the Algal Herbarium in Copenhagen (C) from 1987 to 2011. For many years, the main topic of her research was culture study of small green algae in Ulvellaceae and similar looking epi-and endophytes and algae associated with calcarous shells. The biodiversity of marine algae in the North Atlantic with special attention to algae of Denmark, the Faroe Islands, Western Norway and Iceland have also been a great interest. At present Ruth Nielsen is occupied with the preparation of a flora of the marine algae of Denmark.
Juliet Brodie is Research Leader in Phycology at the Natural History Museum, London, specializing in genomic approaches to macroalgal biology and their microbiomes, seaweeds in a time of rapid environmental change and taxonomy, phylogenetics and conservation of algae. She is a leading authority on the Bangiales, a cosmopolitan order of red seaweeds including nori and laver. Her research also addresses the impact of ocean acidification on calcified red algae and the effects of climate change on large brown habitat-forming seaweeds. She is currently the President of the Internatinal Phycological Society.
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to Eva Arnardóttir, Tor Eilif Lein, Grethe Bruntse, Erlendur Bogasson, Tryggvi Sveinsson, Ian Tittley, Barbara Rinkel and late Palle Jeppesen for assistance in the field. We also thank Per Cornfixen for his assistance with the collection and database and Julian Bourgos for help with contour maps. Juliet Brodie acknowledges Synthesys funding for her stay at the Natural History Museum of Denmark in Copenhagen.
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