Integration of Chemical and Biological Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment: II. Recent Illustrations and Experiences

Abstract

In a recent review, we surveyed a literature of about 70 papers between 1970 and 1994 in which some chemical oxidative pretreatment combined with a biological oxidation had been tried, usually at lab scale, in attempts to more efficiently degrade recalcitrant water contaminants. Since 1994, new reports have confirmed and expanded this integrated process concept. These recent, promising results collectively provide strong suggestions for further rapid developments of combining (A)OPs with biological oxidations. This paper updates our previous review by introducing new examples illustrative of important, and sometimes unexpected, phenomena. New areas of exploration include use of recycle streams within the combined process, scale-up to larger and to continuous systems, determination of optimal chemical reaction times, and the use of gross water quality measures (BOD, COD, DOC) within process engineering models.