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Physiological aspects involved in production of xylanolytic enzymes by deep-sea hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrodictium abyssi

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Abstract

Xylanases (EC3.2.1.8) catalyze the hydrolysis of xylan, the major constituent of hemicellulose. The use of these enzymes could greatly improve the overall economics of processing lignocellulosic materials for the generation of liquid fuels and chemicals. The hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrodictium abyssi, which was originally isolated from marine hot abyssal sites, grows optimally at 97°C and is a prospective source of highly thermostable xylanase. Its endoxylanase was shown to be highly thermostable (over 100 m in at 105°C) and active even at 110°C. The growth of the deep-sea archaeon P. abyssi was investigated using different culture techniques. Among the carbohydrates used, beech wood xylan, birch wood glucuronoxylan and the arabinoxylan from oats pelt appeared to be good inducers for endoxylanase and β-xylosidase production. The highest production of arabinofuranosidase, however, was detected in the cell extracts after growth on xylose and pyruvate, indicating that the intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle acted as a nonrepressing carbon source for the production of thi enzyme. Electron microscopic studies did not show a significant difference in the cell surface (e.g., xylanosomes) when P. abyssi cells were grown on different carbohydrates. The main kinetic parameters of the organism have been determined. The cell yield was shown to be very low owing to incomplete substrate utilization, but a very high maximal specific growth rate was determined (μmax=0.0195) at 90°C and pH 6.0. We also give information on the problems that arise during the fermentation of this hyperthermophilic archaeon at elevated temperatures.

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Abbreviations

B :

Contois apparent saturation constant

diag(M):

vector extracted from main diagonal of generic matrix M

J :

Jacobian matrix of estimated parameters

K g :

Monod saturation constant

K g :

tessier apparent saturation constant

n :

number of responses

p :

number of parameters

S :

substrate concentration

S R 2 :

estimate of error variance

t :

time

t γ,1−α/2 :

t-Student abscissa for v degrees of freedom at the significance level α/2

X :

cell mass concentration

y :

experimental response variable (cell mass or substrate concentration)

y :

estimated response variable

y :

estimated responses vector

Y X/S :

cell mass yield factor

\(\hat \beta \) :

estimated parameters vector

η:

correct responses vector

μmax :

maximum specific uptake rate

σ 2ε :

error variance

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Engenharia Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Química, 21.949-900, Rio de Janeiro, R.J., Brazil

    Carolina M. M. Carvalho Andrade & Wilson Bucker Aguiar

  2. Institute of Technical Microbiology, Technical University Hamburg-Harburg, Denickestr. 15, D-21071, Hamburg, Germany

    Garo Antranikian

Authors
  1. Carolina M. M. Carvalho Andrade
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  2. Wilson Bucker Aguiar
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  3. Garo Antranikian
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Correspondence to Carolina M. M. Carvalho Andrade.

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Carvalho Andrade, C.M.M., Aguiar, W.B. & Antranikian, G. Physiological aspects involved in production of xylanolytic enzymes by deep-sea hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrodictium abyssi . Appl Biochem Biotechnol 91, 655–669 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:91-93:1-9:655

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