Abstract
In this paper we report a method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) and subsequent analysis by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry for determination of chloroform in potable water. The affinity of chloroform for the resin enables almost complete recovery of the analyte. The analytical method proposed enables evaluation of chloroform levels down to 0.295 μg L−1. The procedure is characterized by lack of interferences, in fact the GC–MS analysis reveals the presence of only one peak, that of chloroform. Use of CDCl3 as labelled internal standard also makes the procedure suitable for use as a reference analytical method for quantification of chloroform in drinking water.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Rodriguez MJ, Serodes JB (2001) Water Res 35(6):1572–1586
Rook JJ (1974) J Soc Water Treat Exam 23:234
International Agency for Research on Cancer (2003) Some drinking–water disinfectant and contaminants including arsenic, IARC monographs on evaluation of carcinogenic risks in human, vol 84, International Forr Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
Fawell J (2000) Food Chem Toxicol 38:S91–S95
Hsu C-H, Jeng W-L, Chang R-M, Chien L-C, Han B-C (2001) Environ Res A 85:77–82
Luciene da Silva M, Charest-Tardif G, Krishnan K, Tardif R (1999) Toxicol Lett 106:49–57
Van Dijk-Looijaard AM, Van Genderen J (2000) Food Chem Toxicol 38:S37–S42
Moudgal CJ, Lipscomb JC, Bruce RM (2000) Toxicology 147:109–131
Marimoto K, Koizumi A (1983) Environ Res 32:72–79
Landi S, Naccarati A, Ross MK, Hanley NM, Dailey L, Devlin RB Vasquez M, Pegram RA, De Marini DM (2003) Mutat Res 538:41–50
Castello G, Gerbino TC, Kantiz S (1986) J Chromatogr 351:165–75
Charmichael D, Holmes W (1990) J High Resolut Chromatogr 13:267
Temmerman IFMM, Quaghebeur DJM (1990) J High Resolut Chromatogr 13:379
Dietz EA, Synley KF (1979) Anal Chem 51:1809
Castello G, Gerbino T, Kanitz S (1982) J Chromatogr 247:263
Wang H-W, Simmons MS, Deininger RA (1995) J Chromatogr Sci 33:109
Safarova VI, Sapelnikova SV, Djazhenko EV, Teplova GI, Shajdulina GF, Kudasheva FKh (2004) J Chromatogr B 800:325–330
Hino T, Nakanishi S, Maeda T, Hobo T (1998) J Chromatogr A 810:141–147
Zygmunt B (1996) J Chromatogr A 725:157–163
Allonier AS, Khalanski M, Bermond A, Camel V (2000) Talanta 51:467–477
Golfinopoulos SK, Lekkas TD, Nikolau AD (2001) Chemosphere 45:275–284
Huybrechts SK, Dewulf J, Moerman O, Van Langenhove H (2000) J Chromatogr A 893:367–382
Nikolau AD, Golfinopoulos SK, Kostopoulou GA, Kolokythas GA, Lekkas TD (2002) Water Res 36:2883–2890
Wang J-L, Chen W-L (2001) J Chromatogr A 927:143–154
Zhang Z, Pawliszyn J (1993) Anal Chem 65:1843
MacGillivray B, Pawliszyn J, Folie P, Sagara C (1994) J Chromatogr Sci 32:317
Cho D-H, Kong S-H, OH S-G (2003) Water Res 37:402–408
Stack MA, Fitzgerald G, O’Connel S, James KJ (2000) Chemosphere 41:1821–1826
Yang J, Tsai S-S (2001) Anal Chim Acta 436: 31–40
Afcharian A, Levi Y, Kiene L, Scribe P (1997) Water Res 31(12):2968–2996
Thruman EM, Mills MS (1988) In: Solid-phase extraction: principles and practise. Wiley, New York
Simpson NJK (1998) In: Solid-phase extraction: principles strategies and applications. Marcel Dekker, New York
Bagheri H, Mohammadi A (2003) J Chromatogr A 1015:23–30
Leggio A, Liguori A, Napoli A, Siciliano C, Sindona G (2001) J Org Chem 66:2246–2250
Lepine L, Archambault JF (1992) Anal Chem 64:810
James KJ, Stack MA (1997) J Anal Chem 358:833
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gioia, M., Leggio, A., Pera, A. et al. SPE–GC–MS Analysis of Chloroform in Drinking Water. Chromatographia 60, 319–322 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-004-0387-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-004-0387-5