Computer-controlled fluid-flow chemical analysis (CC-FCA) was investigated for the determination of trace amounts of toxic pollutants in the environment. For CC-FCA, automated chemical analysis systems were developed by using computer-controllable pumping and valve modules, and polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) tubing and connectors. The systems demonstrated in this work were a flow injection-type system, a sequential injection-type system, a mini-column pretreatment system (Auto-Pret system), and an Auto-Pret hyphenated with flow injection analysis (FIA) system. Such systems were fully controlled by a computer program; the lab-made programs were written in Visual Basic. The systems can be hyphenated with some detectors, such as a spectrophotometric detector, an electrochemical detector, electrothermal-atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS), a liquid electrode plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (LEP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-AES. Such systems were successfully applied to the determination of trace amounts of toxic pollutants in environmental water samples: they were heavy metal ions (Pb, Cd, Cr, etc.). In this paper, the author aims mainly at investigating the CC-FCA method for the determination of trace amounts of Cr(VI) in environmental water samples by spectrophotometry. The techniques used in this work were FIA, sequential injection analysis (SIA), and Auto-Pret/FIA, which were all computer-controllable. Limits of detection of Cr(VI) by FIA, SIA, and Auto-Pret/FIA were 8 × 10–9 mol/L (0.4 μg/L), 1.1 × 10–8 mol/L (0.6 μg/L), and 1.4 × 10–9 (0.07 μg/L), respectively. The methods were applied to the determination of Cr(VI) in river and drinking waters.
Conference
Asian Chemical Congress (14 ACC), 14th, Bangkok, Thailand, 2011-09-05–2011-09-08
References
1 10.1016/S0003-2670(01)84761-9, J. Ruzicka, E. H. Hansen. Anal. Chim. Acta78, 145 (1975).Search in Google Scholar
2 J. Ruzicka, E. H. Hansen. Flow Injection Analysis, 2nd ed., John Wiley (1988).10.1016/S0003-2670(00)80313-XSearch in Google Scholar
3 M. Trojanowicz (Ed.). Advances in Flow Analysis, Wiley-VCH (2008).10.1002/9783527623259Search in Google Scholar
4 S. Kolev, I. McKelvie (Eds.). Advances in Flow Injection Analysis and Related Techniques, Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 54, Elsevier (2008).10.1016/S0166-526X(08)00604-1Search in Google Scholar
5 10.1016/S0003-2670(00)83937-9, J. Ruzicka, G. D. Marshall. Anal. Chim. Acta237, 329 (1990).Search in Google Scholar
6 10.1016/S0003-2670(02)00628-1, F. R. P. Rocha, J. L. F. C. Lima, R. A. S. Lapa. Anal. Chim. Acta468, 119 (2002).Search in Google Scholar
7 10.1016/S0003-2670(02)00514-7, R. A. S. Lapa, J. L. F. C. Lima, J. L. M. Santos. Anal. Chim. Acta, 466, 125 (2002).Search in Google Scholar
8 10.1016/S0039-9140(99)00196-4, V. Cerda, J. M. Estela, R. Forteza, A. Cladera, E. Becerra, P. Altamira, P. Sitjar. Talanta50, 695 (1999).Search in Google Scholar
9 10.2116/analsci.17.229, H. Itabashi, H. Kawamoto, T. Kawashima. Anal. Sci.17, 229 (2001).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
10 10.2116/analsci.26.143, N. Teshima, D. Noguchi, Y. Joichi, N. Lenghor, N. Ohno, T. Sakai, S. Motomizu. Anal. Sci.26, 143 (2010).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
11 10.1080/00387010600854345, A. Sabarudin, N. Lenghor, L.-P. Yu, Y. Furusho, S. Motomizu. Spectrosc. Lett.39, 669 (2006).Search in Google Scholar
12 10.1016/j.aca.2007.01.066, L. Hakim, A. Sabarudin, M. Oshima, S. Motomizu. Anal. Chim. Acta588, 73 (2007).Search in Google Scholar
13 10.1016/S0003-2670(03)00722-0, S. Motomizu, K. Jitmanee, M. Oshima. Anal. Chim. Acta499, 149 (2003).Search in Google Scholar
14 T. Takayanagi, T. Han, M. Oshima, S. Motomizu. J. Flow Injection Anal.28, 124 (2011).Search in Google Scholar
15 WHO. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, 3rd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 334–335, World Health Organization, Geneva (2008).Search in Google Scholar
16 WHO. Chromium in Drinking-water, Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, World Health Organization, Geneva 2003.Search in Google Scholar
17 10.2116/analsci.25.51, Y. Furusho, A. Sabarudin, L. Hakim, K. Oshita, M. Oshima, S. Motomizu. Anal. Sci.25, 51 (2009).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
18 10.1016/j.aca.2008.12.021, M. Banno, E. Tamiya, Y. Takamura. Anal. Chim. Acta634, 153 (2009).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
19 10.1021/ac2020646, A. Kitano, A. Iiduka, T. Yamamoto, Y. Ukita, E. Tamiya, Y. Takamura. Anal. Chem.83, 9424 (2011).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
20 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.60.515, K. Nakayama, T. Yamamoto, N. Hatano, S. Taguchi, Y. Takamura. Bunseki Kagaku60, 515 (2011).Search in Google Scholar
21 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.59.1125, T. Yamamoto, I. Kuroya, A. Yamashita, J. Kawai, S. Imai. Bunseki Kagaku59, 1125 (2010).Search in Google Scholar
22 10.2116/analsci.26.515, S. Kagaya, S. Nakada, Y. Inoue, W. Kamichatani, H. Yanai, M. Saito, T. Yamamoto, Y. Takamura, K. Tohda. Anal. Sci.26, 515 (2010).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
23 10.1002/elan.200970017, I. Švancara, C. Prior, S. B. Hočevar, J. Wang. Electroanalysis22, 1405 (2010).Search in Google Scholar
24 S. Chuanuwatanakul, E. Punrat, J. Panchompoo, O. Chailapakul, S. Motomizu. J. Flow Injection Anal.25, 49 (2008).Search in Google Scholar
25 10.1016/j.aca.2010.01.018, U. Injang, P. Noyrod, W. Singroh, W. Dungchai, S. Motomizu, O. Chailapakul. Anal. Chim. Acta668, 54 (2010).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
26 10.2116/analsci.24.589, S. Chuanuwatanakul, W. Dungchai, O. Chailapakul, S. Motomizu. Anal. Sci.24, 589 (2008).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
27 10.2116/analsci.26.597, M. Ueda, N. Teshima, T. Sakai, Y. Joichi, S. Motomizu. Anal. Sci.26, 597 (2010).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
28 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.01.015, R. K. Katarina, M. Oshima, S. Motomizu. Talanta78, 1043 (2009).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
29 10.1016/j.aca.2009.02.050, M. Hosoba, K. Oshita, R. K. Katarina, T. Takayanagi, M. Oshima, S. Motomizu. Anal. Chim. Acta639, 51 (2009).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
30 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.05.025, L. Hakim, A. Sabarudin, K. Oshita, M. Oshima, S. Motomizu. Talanta76, 1256 (2008).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
31 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.08.025, S. Motomizu. Talanta85, 2251 (2011).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
© 2013 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
