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Mineralogical and chemical characterization of sepiolite occurrences at Karapinar (Konya Basin, Turkey)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

N. Karakaya ,
M. Çelik Karakaya ,
A. Temel ,
Ş. Küpeli  and
C. Tunoğlu
N. Karakaya
Affiliation:
Selçuk Üniversitesi, Müh-Mim. Fakültesi, Jeoloji Mühendisligi Bölümü, 42031 Konya, Turkey
M. Çelik Karakaya*
Affiliation:
Selçuk Üniversitesi, Müh-Mim. Fakültesi, Jeoloji Mühendisligi Bölümü, 42031 Konya, Turkey
A. Temel
Affiliation:
Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Müh. Fakültesi, Jeoloji Mühendisligi Bölümü, 06535 Ankara, Turkey
Ş. Küpeli
Affiliation:
Selçuk Üniversitesi, Müh-Mim. Fakültesi, Jeoloji Mühendisligi Bölümü, 42031 Konya, Turkey
C. Tunoğlu
Affiliation:
Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Müh. Fakültesi, Jeoloji Mühendisligi Bölümü, 06535 Ankara, Turkey
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: mzzclk@hotmail.com
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Abstract

The Konya region in central Anatolia is covered by Pliocene-Late Pleistocene sediments and volcanites related to the sediments NNW of Karapınar, Turkey. In the area, the Upper Miocene-Quaternary Üzecek Dağı and Karacadağ volcanites are generally of the same age and formed from magmas of similar composition. The Karapınar formation is brown to whitish-beige, partly fossiliferous and consists of limestone, marl, claystone and, locally, sandy layers. Silica-rich lenses, nodules and layers are observed in the upper strata which locally contain sepiolite-rich layers. The mineralogical composition of sepiolite samples taken from the area was determined by powder X-ray diffractometry, while the abundance of major-element oxides was measured by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The crystallographic and morphological properties of samples were determined by means of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Samples were taken from three sections and from random locations. Mineral assemblages in the same stratigraphic position are generally similar in the three sections, while the thickness of the individual beds varies between the sections. Dolomite and calcite are the main carbonate minerals in the sections. Sepiolite occurs primarily with dolomite and, locally, dolomite and calcite, and less commonly with just calcite. Generally, quartz, feldspar and mica are found, especially in the upper parts of the sections where tuff is abundant. CaO and MgO dominate the major-element oxides. The CaO content is between 1 and 30% while MgO is 3–21%. Al2O3 and SiO2 are generally higher in the sepiolitic and tuffitic layers. Al2O3 is <3% and SiO2 is between 15–18% in the sepiolitic layers. The average structural formula of sepiolite was calculated as: (Mg7.00Al0.44Fe0.18)(Si11.71Al0.29)O30 (OH)4(OH2)4Ca0.13K0.09Na0.01. Sepiolite occurs as fibers and dolomite as subhedral or euhedral crystals. It is considered that sepiolite was formed either by conversion of dolomite or by direct precipitation from solution under alkaline and saline conditions in the Karapınar paleolake. The paleolake was saturated with respect to Mg, Ca and Si derived from groundwater that percolated along fracture systems.

Keywords

DolomiteKarapınarKonyaProtodolomiteSepioliteTurkey
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 52 , Issue 4 , August 2004 , pp. 495 - 509
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 2004

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