Open Access, Peer-reviewed
pISSN 2635-8778
eISSN 2635-8786
    J Korean Assoc Pediatr Surg. 2013 Dec;19(2):73-80. Korean.
    Published online Dec 24, 2013.
    https://doi.org/10.13029/jkaps.2013.19.2.73
    Copyright © 2013 Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons
    Original Article

    Pediatric Inguinal Hernia Surgery 2,230 Cases Performed with Ketamine and Lidocaine

    Jong Soo Joo, M.D., Hyun Ho Joo, M.D. and In Ho Joo, M.D.
      • Joo's Day-Surgical Clinic, Busan, Korea.
    • Correspondence: Jong Soo Joo, M.D., Joo's Day-Surgical Clinic, 505-14 Bujeon-dong, Busanjin-gu, Busan 614-030, Korea. Tel: 051)805-1119, Fax: 051)805-1185, Email: drjoojs@hotmail.com
    Received August 28, 2013; Accepted October 24, 2013.

    Abstract

    Ketamine is a safe and effective drug for pediatric anesthesia, sedation and analgesia. We hoped to identify that surgeons could operate a pediatric hernia with the ketamine anesthesia without general anesthesia. The study was a consecutive case series of 2230 inguinal hernia patients aged 1 months to 17 years in a Joo's day-surgical clinic during 11-year period. The patients had pediatric inguinal hernia surgery without general anesthesia under the day-surgery system. We retrospectively analyzed the medical record of patients who were registered with the Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) system. All patients received ketamine (5mg/kg) and atropine (0.01mg/kg) intramuscularly before surgery. After anesthesia, we injected 1~2% lidocaine (Less than 5ml) subcutaneously at the site of incision and started operation. The surgical method was the high ligation method of the hernia sac.) In total 2230 patients, male were 1756 and female were 474. 2076 patients were a unilateral inguinal hernia at the time of surgery and 154 were bilateral hernia patients. Less than three months, depending on the age of the patients was 391, and less than 12 months the patient was 592 people (26.5%). After surgery, there were no accidents or long term complications associated with ketamine anesthesia. We think the surgeon can safely do the pediatric inguinal hernia surgery using ketamine and lidocaine without anesthesiologist through 11 years of our surgical experiences.

    Keywords
    Ketamine; Ketamine anesthesia; Pediatric inguinal hernia; Children; Surgery

    Tables

    Table 1
    The Distribution of Inguinal Hernia Patients by Age

    Table 2
    The Distribution of Younger Patients than 12 Months

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    MeSH Terms
    Analgesia
    Anesthesia
    Anesthesia, General
    Atropine
    Child
    Diagnosis
    Female
    Hernia
    Hernia, Inguinal*
    Hope
    Humans
    Ketamine*
    Lidocaine*
    Ligation
    Male
    Medical Records
    Retrospective Studies
    Metrics
    Share
    Tables
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